The 2004 Tsunami in Sri Lanka

DRUG ABUSE Essays - Drug Culture, Drug Control Law, Euphoriants

DRUG ABUSE Essays - Drug Culture, Drug Control Law, Euphoriants DRUG ABUSE In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the userand all those with whom the user comes in contact. There are over 40 million illegal drug users in the world today and America is the biggest market for drugs1 . There are more drug dealers in this country, than there are dentists. Illegal drug abuse must be stopped; it hurts our society, hurts us, and, most of all, hurts the user. Drug users are parasites, feeding off society's money, taxes and insurance. Every type of insurance goes up because of drug abuse, including auto, health and homeowners. Worst of all, the crime rate will sky rocket if we let this behavior continue. Illegal drugs and their abusers are a plague to society for many different reasons.. Drugs have very harmful effects on the user and the people with whom the user interacts. The user is affected in many ways. The most popular drug in America, alcohol, is generally thought of as socially acceptable and relatively harmless. But it can have devastating effects. Alcohol might seem very harmless but it can harm the user very easily. Alcohol is easy to obtain and consume. It is taken as a beverage and, since it is legal, it can be purchased at the corner store. The immediate effects on the user are relaxation and a slight anesthetic effect. Alcohol is a very addictive drug. There are more than 18 million alcoholics in America2 , an indication of how widespread its harmful effects are. Alcoholics normally drink a lot on mornings and weeknights, at times which separate them for noraml "social" drinkers. Often, the alcohol will bring out a violent temper and often, alcoholics abuse, physically and mentally, their friends and family. Drinking makes the drinker feel he is more confident. The drinker thinks he is in control, even if a little high, and he might get behind the wheel of his car and go for a drive. Drunk driving is deadly. Hundreds of thousands of people get killed every year due to drunk driving. Other physical effects of drinking are vomiting, passing out and sometimes, if enough alcohol is consumed over a long enough period of time, or if mixed with other drugs, death. Marijuana is a popular, and illegal, drug. Its largest consumers are young adults. Marijuana is smoked in a pipe or rolled in a cigarette. Thirty-seven percent of people between ages 12-17 have tried marijuana.3 Marijuana gives a slight buzzing feeling of light-headedness. Experimentation with marijuana is dangerous because studies show that 60% of people who smoke marijuana on a regular basis move on to try harder drugs soon after.4 Marijuana tends to diminish the ambition and motivation in the user. In the long run, it may cause lung cancer and other respiratory problems. Cocaine is another popular, illegal, street drug. Cocaine is snorted or smoked as " crack"(a cheaper and, as a result of being so affordable, more addictive way). Cocaine gives the user a sense of well-being and extra energy. Cocaine is one of the most dangerous drugs. In 1995, over 500,000 emergency room accidents were cocaine- related.5 Cocaine is one of the worst drugs because it causes respiratory illness and kills mucus membranes. Heroin is the most addictive dangerous illegal drug on the streets. You'll become a so- called "junkie" if you use it. It affects the hygiene and personal appearance of the user a great deal, because nothing is as important to the user anymore as where that next hit will come from. Heroin is injected and sometimes snorted. It causes great euphoria, but also nausea and vomiting. Like any street drug, its user does not know what potency he is getting from batch to batch. Therefore, there is always the risk that he will overdose and die. Withdrawal from heroin can cause severe illness and death. Drug abuse leads

Tennessee Walking Horse WGC Essays

Tennessee Walking Horse WGC Essays Tennessee Walking Horse WGC Essay Tennessee Walking Horse WGC Essay Every now and then a special bond occurs between a father and a daughter. It all began when my dad saw a Christmas promotion in the newspaper stating that Lowest home improvement store was giving away Dusty the pony on Christmas Eve, no purchase necessary. Dad was only 9 years old, but he got my grandmother to drop him off at Lowest the morning of the drawing. And the winner of Dusty the pony is Andrew Waiters (my dad)! Dad then got a Job at a Tennessee Walking Horse stable where the owner agreed to board and feed Dusty in exchange for my dads irking at the barn after school. Two years later, the owner took my dad to the Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration. It was then that my dad saw Reeves Little Boy crowned World Grand Champion Tennessee Walking Pony. My dad told himself that if he could ever afford a real walking horse, he would want it to be Just like Reeves Little Boy and win the Pony World Grand Championship. When I was around 8 years old, my dad took me to a Walking Horse barn. I loved riding the huge, high stepping show horses, so my dad bought me my first horse. No there thrill topped showing in a ring full of horses with a great audience watching, even though most of the time I came out without a ribbon. More importantly, showing provided a gateway for a father/daughter relationship unlike any other I know. I began to dream about winning a World Grand Championship. After several years, my dad presented me with Prime Polios, a spectacular horse and together we became the leading contenders for the Juvenile World Grand Champion Walking Pony. At the Celebration however, I was disqualified over a minor technicality. To make matters rose, I was the leading contender again the next year, and was once again disqualified for another minor Infraction! Not giving up, I returned to the ring for a third and probably last time. This time, Prime Polios and I won the preliminary class and qualified for the World Grand Championship the following week. As show time arrived, I began to get nervous for the first time since Dad and I began this Journey. Having 30,000+ people watching every move Prime Polios and I made In the ring was quite nerve racking. Prime Polios was spectacular, and I was overwhelmed when I eared the announcer call out The winner of the 2010 World Grand Champion Walking Pony Is Lilly Wallets and Prime Polios! Everything blurred and I could hardly stay on Prime Polios as we made our victory lap to the applause of 30,000 people. Dad understood that my ride on Prime Polios that August night was the fulfillment of my 7-year dream, and I understood that my ride had fulfilled my dads 37-year dream. Two dreams fulfilled with one ride! Tennessee Walking Horse WAC By Toastiest dad presented me with Prime Poison, a spectacular horse and together we became qualified for another minor infraction! Not giving up, I returned to the ring for a third and probably last time. This time, Prime Poison and I won the preliminary class Having 30,000+ people watching every move Prime Poison and I made in the ring was quite nerve racking. Prime Poison was spectacular, and I was overwhelmed when I Walking Pony is . . Lilly Waiters and Prime Poison! Everything blurred and I could hardly stay on Prime Poison as we made our victory lap to the applause of 30,000 Dad understood that my ride on Prime Poison that August night was the

East. St. Lousi Essay

East. St. Lousi Essay East. St. Lousi Essay Putting it Together Soc 390 April 25, 2013 East St. Louis Illinois is promoted, by their Mayer in his website address, as a â€Å"great place to live, to work, to do business, and to raise a family† (2011:245). This statement seems contradictory to the statistics showing that population has declined by one third since 1950 while unemployment is estimated at over 50% (2011:245). This paper will examine the historical and current neighborhoods, job opportunities, and family structures of East St. Louis by using the theories of Massey and Denton, Cohen, and Stack. It will also examine why poverty continues to increase and provide argument that a major reform in social policy must take place to dismantle this perpetuating cycle. To understand what changes must be made, a brief overview of the history of East St. Louis is necessary. Neighborhoods In the early twentieth century, East St. Louis was an all American city. People from varied backgrounds were flooding towards this industrial hot spot in search of work that was abundant. People were building houses and raising families in the quiet suburbs of St. Louis city. Children were free to play in the well-manicured public spaces. Couples could take evening strolls and listen to the music playing in the nightclubs and plenty of small businesses lined the streets (2011:36). However, with the political interest of this city being geared towards industry, this residential paradise would soon take a turn for the worse. Today, East St. Louis is hardly recognizable to the residents of its past. The once thriving businesses are closed and the buildings are uninhibited. The streets are littered with trash and rubble from the decay of the old structures (2011:39). Vandalism and crime have taken over in most of the public spaces. The current residents of this city are now left to dea l with the fallout of this abandoned landmark. This situation can be seen time and time again in cities across the nation. As discussed in Streetwise, the village of Northton went through a similar transformation during World War II (1990:56). The influx of jobs brought desirability to the village and in turn attracted lower income families, the unemployed. When poverty moved into the area, the wealthy and middle class residents moved out. â€Å"The out-migration of middle class families from ghetto areas left behind a destitute community lacking the institutions, resources, and values necessary for success in post-industrial society†(1993:7). This quote is an exact reflection of what took place in East St. Louis in the 1960’s. After the civil rights movement, black families found increasing opportunities for advancement and started a migration towards better neighborhoods. Consequently, white residents started to flee in the late 1960’s (Nunes, 1998). The white industrial workers started noticing the overflow of black families from Brooklyn encroaching on the Northern border of East St. Louis. This migration caused white families to leave their house as well as their job thus providing more resources for black families moving in, white flight. Slowly the white-owned industries lost interest in the area and started phasing out. The middle class blacks followed suit and left only the low income blac k families within the city. The possibility of escaping this abandoned city is very unlikely without financial resources. Even the middle class families that can successfully make it out of the ghettos are faced with a highly segregated housing market (1993:9). Culture of poverty theorists cite poor work ethics and morals as the downfall of the city and maintained that these traits carry across generations (Hamer 56). However, others cite changes in welfare policy concentrating on removing the poor from welfare rolls and forcing them into low wage labor as â€Å"welfare racism† (Hamer 57). Personally I believe we can reform the welfare system to remove the negative effects without abandoning the impoverished. Again,

Managing Learning and Development in Organisation Essay

Managing Learning and Development in Organisation - Essay Example All these aspects are inter-related and they should be integrated in every learning process of an organization. Moreover, human resource managers have recognised the importance of aligning learning processes with organisational priorities. This paper will highlight the important aspects of individual and organisational development and how they relate to business success. In details, it will look into how training is effective and its evaluation as well as the importance or its contribution. The second part of the paper explains the importance of training of those prospecting to be teachers to the school, children or students and to themselves. It further explains the principles of effective training importance of teacher evaluation as well as its challenges. Discussion Measuring Training Effectiveness in Organisation Training is a continuous process that involves the transfer of information and knowledge to employers and employees of an organisation in order to meet the needs and goa ls of the business. It can also mean equipping the people to interpret the information and knowledge into practice with a goal to enhance organisation effectiveness and productivity as well as improve the management of the people (Sriyan de Silva, 1997). Normally, training integrates educational policies and systems which are deemed as important to human resources development. Training effectiveness means that training should provide significant added value to an organisational operations by improving quality, safety and production. While it is clear that training provides additional value to products and services, a calculated training effectiveness is tricky because employee performance depends not only on training, but also on other factors for example, job aids supervision, procedures, pre-job briefings, management expectations, and the experience and motivation of the work force. A good number of organisations are nowadays setting up their own training facilities, and outsourci ng talent to carry out in-house training for employees at all levels. This trend has been largely used because new orientation in managerial and technical areas is crucial for effective response to the changing business environment. Training is an expensive task especially if it does not meet the given purpose. Training should be in a position to improve the individual capabilities as well as those of the collective organisation. The training programme should contribute to the building of organisational capabilities and reflect improved performance over a period of time. Otherwise, the organisational loss for example, loss of competitive edge and reduction of market share, is far much greater than the money and time spent on training. Therefore, training should serve stipulated purposes taking into consideration a systematic analysis of its capabilities and the demands brought about by future scenarios. A critical area for achieving expected results from training is the measurement of training effectiveness which is the match between the training inputs and its intended purpose. Most organizations neglect this aspect citing difficulty of measurement even though techniques in social sciences have been developed to sufficiently measure the most important aspects of training. There are kinds of training outputs that an organization need to measure. First is the

The labor party under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown has been blamed for Essay

The labor party under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown has been blamed for letting the market be controlled by capitalism - Essay Example Though Cameron blamed Labor for excesses of the recent years for what he termed as turning a blind eye to corporate excesses, the idea of a responsible capitalism was the main agenda behind Cameron’s campaigns. The main question is whether there is any rationality in advocating for a more responsible capitalism, or if here are any ethics and moral standing in capitalism. Keat (2009) argues a distinct ethical consideration has a crucial role in political reasoning. This is against the neutralist restriction of legitimate grounds regarding state actions on moral considerations of rightness. In other words, legal considerations must involve not only the matters of justice, but also the distribution of social wealth, opportunities in life, and the general survival chances. This implies; an ethical system has to be concerned with the pursuit of collective goals, and safeguarding the same good in the country. Therefore, the main question is whether â€Å"let capitalism rip ideology † under conservative party meets the above conditions. Herbermas (1996) states that there cannot be any possible exclusion of ethics from politics, but any political ideology has to be based on nature of ethical reasoning in which the concept of identity and self understanding are central. Ikerd (2008) elaborates the most basic law of science portray that unrestrained capitalism cannot by any chance be sustainable. In other words, according to Ikerd, all economic activities are naturally individualistic; as in capitalism there is no any economic incentive aimed at doing anything for the sole benefit others, and does not offer any thought towards the future generations. This means that any market system has to involve sustainable resource utilization and has to be mindful of each and every individual including the generations to come. Gray (2008) notes while a free market are the best type of market in advocating ethics and morality due to a direct link between contribution and rewards, free markets can corrode some characters while still enhancing others. Therefore, the results of a free market according to Gray will depend much on how one envisions life. Moreover, the thought that free markets emerge spontaneously with the removal of state interference in the market has been vehemently opposed. Therefore, free markets according to Gray do not indicate the absence of a government. In other words, in free markets, the markets depend on a system of laws, which decides what is to be traded or not. Hence, free markets due to presence of stringent of laws governing what is to be traded always involve an aspect of moral constraints policed by governments, and depend on property rights that are created and enforced by the government. Free markets have however led to loss of efficacy and productivity due to redistribution of wealth through taxes. All the same free markets are equivalent to having values in businesses so that organizations operate to standards of moral concepts in a pluralistic society (Griffiths n,d). Therefore, the market fundamentalism proposed by the rightwing was a harsh market dogma that erodes the market of the sustainability and responsibility befitted in a free market with its constraints and limitations. The core of the dogma, which was the assertion that such removal of government control in

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example In an organization where such culture exists emphasis is given on trust rather than orders (Grint 2005). This type of organizational culture has the following advantage: it can help to keep communication and cooperation with organization at high levels. Still, there is always the chance that certain employees take advantage of this culture for ignoring their obligations, according to their position; b) Role: the specific type of culture is based on bureaucracy; emphasis is given on rules and orders of superiors while hierarchy is highly respected. In organizations with such type of culture it is quite difficult for severe failures to exist at the level that employees’ activities are fully aligned with the rules set by the top management team (Grint 2005). On the other hand, this type of culture can harm team-work and communication within the organization at the level that employees would not feel as members of a team but as followers who have not the right to state their view in daily business operations; they have just the obligation to follow the orders given to them. In such environment employee performance cannot be easily kept at high levels; c) Task; it is the organizational culture that promotes the use of project-type tasks within each organization (Grint 2005); this type of culture promotes decentralization, leaving room for employee initiatives, a practice that can significantly enhance employee performance; however, this type of culture can set the integration of a business in risk if roles are highly decentralized; and d) Person: it is an organizational culture that highlights the value of person, as member of an organization (Grint 2005); such culture is applicable in family-owned firms or small firms but it cannot be used in large businesses (Grint 2005). 1.2 In the context of a business, the term structure is used in order to show ‘the form of an organization meaning especially the hierarchy of positions and relationships’ (Kn ights and Willmott 2007, p.197). Organizational structure, as described above, can be divided into three categories: a) Tall structure; it is met in organizations where the levels of hierarchy are many (Christensen et al. 2007); such structure can be useful for ensuring the control by the top management team of all business activities but it can threaten trust and communication; b) Flat structure; it refers to organizations with just one or two levels of hierarchy (Christensen et al. 2007); such structure enhances communication and team-work but it is difficult to be applied in large organizations; c) Matrix; the term denotes the dependency of each employee by many superiors, simultaneously; such structure is more appropriate for organizations in the public sector while in the private sector it could not be applied at the level that in the private sector independent departments usually exist for covering business needs (Christensen et al. 2007). On the other hand, in small businesse s such structure could be possibly applied. 1.3 The ‘chain of command’ principle is based on the idea that within organizations the full independency of individuals is not acceptable, meaning that ‘each employee should necessary have a superior to whom he had to report’ (O’Fallon and Rutherford 2010, p.76). This principle is applicable in organizations since it does not set as a prerequisite the excessive power of the superior over the employee but just the like the dependency of the employee

Strong versus weak advertising theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strong versus weak advertising theory - Essay Example A case in point is Andrew Ehrenberg who advanced a controversial treatise in 1974 about how advertising works. He challenged the assumption that advertising has the capacity to change attitudes unaided, and suggested that it normally worked by strengthening beliefs shaped from what are usually high level of consumer experience and awareness (Heath 2006). The argument of Ehrenberg was concentrated on the prevalent theory that advertising was a strong kind of persuasion, and his assumption became widely accepted among advertising agencies (Agres, Edell & Dubitsky 1990). However, it is important to take into consideration the fact that it was a period when the sales impacts of advertising were viewed by many as lasting, difficult to determine even in observation and hard to predict (Agres et al. 1990). Ehrenberg had ascertained that there were 100% loyal customers in most markets, and majority of these buyers purchased more than one brand. He discovered that brand consumers had consistent stronger attitudes than non-consumers, but unable to adequately clarify how these attitudes occurred (Heath 2006). This encouraged him to challenge the central theory within the models of hierarchy of effects: that change in attitude comes first and forces change in behaviour (Shrum 2004). He believed that advertising can build, rekindle or reinforce brand awareness, and can be an aspect that enables trial purchase (Wells 1997). However, he also visualised a protective function for repetitive advertising as â€Å"reinforcing already developed repeat buying habits† (Weitz & Wensley 2002: 289). Afterwards, he expanded this to include split-loyal buyers, or those who habitually buy more than one brand, and identified a further function for advertising as ‘nudging’ or pushing spli t-loyals towards a larger buying percentage of one brand or another (Weitz & Wensley 2002). On the other hand, Jones disputed the influence of

3 marketing strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

3 marketing strategies - Essay Example The market follower strategy makes the new entrant follow the existing technologies or products to maintain its own market share playing the role of counterfeit, cloner, imitator or adaptor. The third major launch strategy is the nichemanship where the new entrants target a small market segment and try to meet the needs of a certain group of customers offering premium price with specialization in the field. Emaar Group of Saudi Arabia entering the hotel business is an example of the market challenge strategy of business launch. Emaar Group is an established brand in the real estate sector in the country. Their offerings include houses, schools, healthcare centres and many more to which they are going to add â€Å"The Address Hotels and Resorts†, their five star premium global brand of leisure and hospitality. The hospitality sector is already a much flourished sector in the Saudi Arabia dominated by Jumeirah’s rep the leading hotel brand in the country. The fast and aggressive strategy of the Emaar Hospitality Group taking control over both business and leisure tourists through its sub brands including Resort, Retreat, Urban and Business with the help of its around 100 newly recruited hotel staff has threatened the business of Jumeirah’s rep. With this aggressive market challenge and attack strategy of launch the Emaar Group expects to control the hospitality marke t in the Middle East, North Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Asia, Europe and America in the next 10 years to come (Anon. â€Å"Joined up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2008). E-banking is not a new concept in the banking services when the Samba Financial Group started its business in the Saudi Arabia in 1980 taking over two existing branches of Citibank in the country. Since the beginning it initiated core banking system in its branches following the technology used by the Citibank and customizing it to fit

Cia Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Cia Research Paper Essay Account of the work of the CIA, discussing in some detail the nature of the relationship between the intelligence-gatherer and the policy-maker. Since the 1970s the CIA has provided intelligence to Congress as well as to the executive, so that it now finds itself in a remarkable position, involuntarily poised nearly equidistant between them. It has not however abused this freedom of action, probably unique among world intelligence agencies, so as to cook intelligence. CIA deputy director. Robert M. Gates, a career intelligence officer, is Deputy Director of Central Intelligence. He served on the National Security Council staff from the spring of 1974 until December 1979. Tweet Close Style: MLA APA Chicago More Sharing Services Over the years, public views of the Central Intelligence Agency and its role in American foreign policy have been shaped primarily by movies, television, novels, newspapers, books by journalists, headlines growing out of congressional inquiries, exposes by former intelligence officers, and essays by experts who either have never served in American intelligence, or have served and still not understood its role. The CIA is said to be an invisible government, yet it is the most visible, most externally scrutinized and most publicized intelligence service in the world. While the CIA sometimes is able to refute publicly allegations and criticism, usually it must remain silent. The result is a contradictory melange of images of the CIA and very little understanding of its real role in American government. Because of a general lack of understanding of the CIA’s role, a significant controversy such as the Iran-contra affair periodically brings to the surface broad questions of the proper relationship between the intelligence service and policymakers. It raises questions of whether the CIA slants or cooks its intelligence analysis to support covert actions or policy, and of the degree to which policymakers (or their staffs) selectively use—and abuse—intelligence to persuade superiors, Congress or the public. Beyond this, recent developments, such as the massive daily flow of intelligence information to Congress, have complicated the CIA’s relationships with the rest of the executive branch in ways not at all understood by most observers—including those most directly involved. These questions and issues merit scrutiny. II The CIA’s role in the foreign policy process is threefold. First, the CIA is responsible for the collection and analysis of intelligence and its distribution to policymakers—principally to the president, the National Security Council (NSC) and the Departments of State and Defense; although in recent years many other departments and agencies have become major users of intelligence as well. This is a well-known area, and I will address it only summarily About CIA The Central Intelligence Agency was created in 1947 with the signing of the National Security Act by President Harry S. Truman. The act also created a Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) to serve as head of the United States intelligence community; act as the principal adviser to the President for intelligence matters related to the national security; and serve as head of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 amended the National Security Act to provide for a Director of National Intelligence who would assume some of the roles formerly fulfilled by the DCI, with a separate Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency and reports to the Director of National Intelligence. The CIA directors responsibilities include: †¢Collecting intelligence through human sources and by other appropriate means, except that he shall have no police, subpoena, or law enforcement powers or internal security functions; †¢Correlating and evaluating ntelligence related to the national security and providing appropriate dissemination of such intelligence; Providing overall direction for and coordination of the collection of national intelligence outside the United States through human sources by elements of the Intelligence Community authorized to undertake such collection and, in coordination with other departments, agencies, or elements of the United States Government which are authorized to undertake such collection, ensuring that the most effective use is made of resources and that appropriate account is taken of the risks to the United States and those involved in such collection; and †¢Performing such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security as the President or the Director of National Intelligence may direct. The function of the Central Intelligence Agency is to assist the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in carrying out the responsibilities outlined above. To accomplish its mission, the CIA engages in research, development, and deployment of high-leverage technology for intelligence purposes. As a separate agency, CIA serves as an independent source of analysis on topics of concern and also works closely with the other organizations in the Intelligence Community to ensure that the intelligence consumer—whether Washington policymaker or battlefield commander—receives the best intelligence possible. As changing global realities have reordered the national security agenda, CIA has met these challenges by: †¢Creating special, multidisciplinary centers to address such high-priority issues such as nonproliferation, counterterrorism, counterintelligence, international organized crime and narcotics trafficking, environment, and arms control intelligence. †¢Forging stronger partnerships between the several intelligence collection disciplines and all-source analysis. †¢Taking an active part in Intelligence Community analytical efforts and producing all-source analysis on the full range of topics that affect national security. †¢Contributing to the effectiveness of the overall Intelligence Community by managing services of common concern in imagery nalysis and open-source collection and participating in partnerships with other intelligence agencies in the areas of research and development and technical collection. By emphasizing adaptability in its approach to intelli gence collection, the CIA can tailor its support to key intelligence consumers and help them meet their needs as they face the issues of the post-Cold War World. Posted: Dec 19, 2006 02:07 PM Last Updated: Jan 10, 2013 08:09 AM Last Reviewed: Dec 30, 2011 12:36 PM History of the CIA The United States has carried out intelligence activities since the days of George Washington, but only since World War II have they been coordinated on a government-wide basis. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed New York lawyer and war hero, William J. Donovan, to become first the Coordinator of Information, and then, after the US entered World War II, head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1942. The OSS – the forerunner to the CIA – had a mandate to collect and analyze strategic information. After World War II, however, the OSS was abolished along with many other war agencies and its functions were transferred to the State and War Departments. It did not take long before President Truman recognized the need for a postwar, centralized intelligence organization. To make a fully functional intelligence office, Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 establishing the CIA. The National Security Act charged the CIA with coordinating the nation’s intelligence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence affecting national security. On December 17, 2004, President George W. Bush signed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act which restructured the Intelligence Community by abolishing the position of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) and Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI) and creating the position the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA).

Machiavelli The Prince Political Discourse Politics Essay

Machiavelli The Prince Political Discourse Politics Essay Niccolà ² Machiavelli an Italian who lived between (3 May 1469 21 June 1527). He was a great philosopher who combined philosophy with authoring (Dehsen, 1999). Niccolo Machiavelli is also considered one of the chief creators of the contemporary political science. Machiavelli The Prince is a political discourse written jointly by the Italian community servant and a political philosopher Niccolà ² Machiavelli. At first Machiavelli The Prince was known as De Principatibus or About Principalities. Machiavelli The Prince was first put in black and white way back in the year 1513. However, The Prince never was then published until the year 1532 (Anglo, 2005). This was exactly a period of five years subsequent to the death of Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince was actually one of the primary works of contemporary philosophy. In modern philosophy unlike old theories emphases is placed on pragmatic ends and not just teleological concepts. The practical end is therefore the principal purpose for current philosophy. In fact among Niccolo Machiavellis writings, the treatise is the most bore in mind. Apparently, it is also the one in charge for getting Machiavellian into extensive use as a derogatory term. Machiavellis The Prince has made a great input into the account of political deliberation and offers the fundamental departure between political pragmatism and political impracticality. Niccolà ² Machiavellis The Prince duly exposits and illustrates the arts through which a ruler, the prince himself can sustain control of his territory (Roger Masters, 1996). It mainly gives attention to the new prince, beneath the presupposition that an inherited prince has no challenges on the throne, but rather an easier assignment in ruling. Machiavelli writes so since the subjects are quite accustomed to the prince. To hold on to power, the inherited prince is obliged to vigilantly uphold the socio-political establishments to which the subjects are used to; while a new-fangled prince has the extra complicated chore in ruling, given that he is taxed to foremost calm down his power so as to put up a lasting political structure (Roger Masters (1996). That task does require the new prince to be a ci vic stature whose repute and characters are beyond reproach. At the same time, the prince is required to secretly act amorally in order to accomplish the State set targets and goals. Very proper examples include the princes who to a large extent successfully acquire and retain power, obtain from his remarks as a Florentine ambassador, and his antique history interpretations; hence, the Latin terms and typical examples. Machiavellis The Prince promptly looks at the acquirement, upholding, as well as usage of political supremacy in the civilized world. As a matter of fact, Machiavelli put in writing The Prince to provide evidence his expertise in the skill of the country, giving guidance on the modalities that a prince can employ so as to obtain and at the same time keep power. In The Prince Machiavelli actually validated rule by force to a good extent than by law. As a result, The Prince appears to rationalize a number of actions done solely to perpetuate power. It is a classic study of power-its acquisition, expansion, and effective use. In the The Prince the prince never sends away morals, in lieu, it politically describes Morality as in the decisive factor for up to standard cruel exploit. It has got to be influential. It should actually bear such features as being quick, effective, and efficient as well as short-lived (Whelan, Frederick, 2004). Niccolo Machiavelli is quite aware and conscious of the quirk of fate of good outcomes emanating from wicked actions; in spite of some explanatory subject matter. In fact that is why the Catholic Church did prohibit The Prince. As a discourse, the primary scholastic input to the record of political thinking is really the elemental crack between political practicality and political impracticality (Whelan, Frederick, 2004). As a result, The Prince is actually an instruction booklet to get ones hands on and maintenance of the desirable political power. However, conventional idyllic society is not the sole aim of the princes eagerness to power. As a philosopher and a political scientist, Machiavelli does emphasize essential, logical exercise of boastful force punishment as well as recompense like patronage in order to safeguard and maintain the status quo. The opinion expanded on by Niccolo Machiavelli in The Prince might look as if it is tremendous even for the period of time in which they were authored. Nevertheless, the entire life of Machiavelli was used up in Florence. Then, there was an uninterrupted political conflict. For that reason, Machiavelli does emphasize for the needs for steadiness in the principality of the prince. The territory of the prince is at risk with regard to its preservation. The hypotheses articulated in The Prince expresses techniques that a would-be prince can use to attain the throne, or an existing prince can use to maintain his reign. According to Machiavelli, the supreme ethical good is a righteous and unwavering state, as well as dealings to look after the realm is for that reason warranted even if they seem are malicious. Machiavelli sturdily put forward, though, that the prince ought not to be loathed. He says, a wise prince should establish himself on that which is his own control and not in that of others; he must endeavor to avoid hatred, as is noted. (Constitution.org) Indeed in the opening discussion of The Prince, there is clear definition of effective and efficient methods of governing or controlling the subject in quite a number of sorts of principalities. For instance a newly attained versus hereditary acquired territories. In fact, Machiavelli does put in plain words to the reader, the Magnificent Lorenzo de Medici an associate of the Florentine Medici relations and honestly the best ways to obtain, sustain, and by extension defend a country. The schemes illustrated within bears the broad-spectrum theme of attaining needed trimmings by any possible means. Machiavelli spins to the ways a country can demonstrate aggression on the others terrains and/or defend itself. According to Machiavelli, the two most prominent and essential brass tacks for any stable nation, whether ancient or fresh, are ample laws and regulations and tough armed forces. An autonomous prince is that who can counters any adversary on the combat zone. However, a prince that depends entirely on buttresses or just on the assist of others and by annex stands on the protective is not self-reliant. If the prince cannot at all lift up a strong formidable defense force, other than relying on security, he is required to make stronger his city (Whelan, Frederick, 2004). Machiavelli firmly believes that a well-fortified city or territory is not likely to be hit, and if in any case it is attacked, nearly all armies will fail to withstand an unmitigated cordon or siege and subsequently withdraw or surrender. On the other hand, during a blockade a good prince will carry on the sp irits of his people as well as military high while getting rid of all dissidents. as a consequence, so long as the city or territory is appropriately safeguarded and by extension has adequate supplies for basic necessities, an astute prince can withstand and subdue any cordon. In The Prince, Machiavelli strongly argues and by extension stands in opposition to the usage of mercenaries to secure and defend territory. He believes firmly that the mercenaries are quite useless to any ruler who is worth his salt. He carries this since the mercenaries are considered as unlimitedly undisciplined, gutless, and further still possess limited or no loyalty at all. Moreover, Machiavelli sates that the mercenaries are in most situations being motivated merely by money and not that real urge to fight and even die for ones country. They really lack genuine loyalty and can grossly betray the course of a worthy conquerable fight. Machiavelli characterizes the weakness of the Italian municipality to their absolute reliance and trust on the disloyal mercenary armies (Sullivan, Vickie, 1996). In fact according to him, a prince should have a well recruited army whose loyalty is pocketed by the prince and extensively his subordinate. Machiavelli is completely convinced that hire armies in the name of mercenaries must not be depended upon by a state as this will jeopardize the live of the subjects. As a matter of addition, Machiavelli further cautions in opposition to using back up forces, rented troops or even those borrowed from close collaborator, for the simple reason that if they end up winning a battle, then the employer will subsequently be in their act of kindness and yet if they are defeated, the employer will totally be ruined and unable to command them. Such situation is quite dangerous as it imperils the states stability and it is the subjects who bear the brand. According to Machiavelli auxiliary forces in all cases are more perilous than even the mercenary armies since they are usually solidly united and managed by accomplished commanders who may perhaps turn against the employer who is the prince. They are normally difficult to tame and are at free end to the extent that they can go against the grain and claim the throne or cause a coup. In The Prince Machiavelli do observes that the most important apprehension for a ruler, the prince, should actually be battle, or to that effect preparation for the same. He says that war enables a heritable prince to keep up his power and/or an ordinary citizen to ascend to the throne and duly take control of a state. In that regard, Machiavelli promptly recommends that a prince have got to recurrently hunt or track in order to physically keep his body in shape and at the same time gain knowledge of the scenery which surrounds his sovereignty (Sullivan, Vickie, 1996).. The physical body robust and knowledge of the surrounding terrain are of essence to a prince. He claims that via this, the prince can preeminently become skilled and knowledgeable at how and when to secure and protect his territory and further press forward upon others similar if not the same. To Machiavelli, this is like killing two birds or more with a single stone. Machiavelli advances further that for a rational s trength, the prince is give a piece of advice to learn great military men like Alexander The Great in order to emulate their methodologies and achievements and further still steer clear of their mistakes (Sullivan, Vickie, 1996). He says that a prince who is adequately diligent in periods of peace and tranquility will be geared up in times of hardship. In fact, Machiavelli notes, thus, when fortune turns against him he will be prepared to resist it. In The Prince Machiavelli writes that when and if a prince ascends to the throne via luck and/or through the consents of powerful societal figures contained by a given regime, he actually has an trouble-free time attaining power. He cautions, however, that such acquired powers do offer the prince an enormous challenge to absolutely take control of the subjects and the army. He says that the prince will encounter hard time keeping the power thereafter, for the reason that his power is merely dependent on his backers benevolence which Machiavelli describes as a changeable thing at best. This is so because the ultimate prince will fail to command and acquire the absolute loyalty of the armies as well as officials he badly needs in order to stamp and uphold his authority (Sullivan, Vickie1996). Unfortunately, Machiavelli notes that these authorities if in any case such a prince assumes them then they can be withdrawn from him at any time and at a whim. In addition, Machiavelli states tha t since he ascended to the throne the effortless way, it is without certainty that such a leader has due necessary skills, knowledge or wisdom as well as strength to stand and position himself on his own feet as a leader. On the other hand, Machiavelli says that a prince who on his own rises by causing the downfall of the existing regime has a tough time getting higher. However, such a prince is able to rule with ease thereafter. Machiavelli hints that such a prince has sufficient guts to clear out and away his enemies. That he is also able to forge treaties on his own conditions and terms and by extension earns more recognition and respect. According to The Prince, improving an existing regime is actually one of the main treacherous and easier said than done things a ruler can do. Machiavelli writes that this is partly due to the fact that citizens are of course resistant by nature to change and /or reform, either sudden or gradual (Soll Jacob, 2005) . Partly there is enormous resistance since the beneficiaries of the old government will with all their strength resist passionately using the people and their resources. They will spread propaganda and intoxicate peoples mind. At the same time those who stand a chance or more to gain from any new regime will be of assistance to such a prince only half-heartedly. They will bear divide loyalty. This is for the most part due to the reformers lack of authenticity, and to some noticeable degree it is difficult for populace to readily believe and trust in an anticipated government that they have not practiced for themselves. What is more, it is obviously pragmatically not possib le for the leader (prince) to meet and deliver everyones glowingly huge prospects (Sullivan, Vickie 1996). . Without doubt, the prince will sadly let down some of his staunch supporters. Machiavelli in The Prince gives immediate solution to this. He says it is possible the prince counters this. All he needs to do in this case is for the prince to have the means and ways to oblige and compel his cohorts to maintain their support for him even at the time they begin having second opinions (Soll, Jacob, 2005). In such a situation in Machiavellis point of view it is only well armed diviners who thrive in getting necessary long lasting change. In the Prince, Machiavelli also mention regarding the behavior and conduct of the mighty prince particularly toward his subjects. Machiavelli states (Whelan, Frederick, 2004) : Men have imagined republics and principalities that never really existed at all. Yet the way men live is so far removed from the way they ought to live that anyone who abandons what is for what should be pursues his downfall rather than his preservation; for a man who strives after goodness in all his acts is sure to come to ruin, since there are so many men who are not good. In view of the fact that there are countless possible qualities and characters that a prince can be associated with and be said to enjoy, the prince has not to be exaggeratedly apprehensive regarding having wholly the good qualities. In addition, a prince may perhaps seem to be compassionate, kind, true to life, humanitarian, forthright, and even religious (Brian, 2001). A prince should only give such impression to have such qualities. They do not have to be authentically possessed by the prince. He just needs to give a hint of having, but not necessarily does he need to have them anyway. In The Prince, a prince can not strictly have such qualities and characters for the simple reason that at certain periods it is of essence for the prince to act against them for the good of all the subjects. Even though an awful repute ought to be evaded, it is not fundamental in smooth governance and maintaining power (Brian, 2001). The only ethic and moral that matters here are indeed one that is quite of assistance to the prince in particular when he is dealing with matters of concern to the state. Machiavelli emphatically declares in The Prince that dedications which are made in times of peace and tranquility are not always reserved in adversity. However, such devotion made in fright is reserved out of fright. And yet, a prince is tasked to guarantee that he is never dreaded to the level of hatred, which is quite possible.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

1. Show how at least two individual episodes, sections or events in your studied text held your interest as a reader. This essay will discuss how two individual events in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, held my interest as a reader. The two individual events are Tom Robinsons court case and the pageant at Scouts school when she plays the role of â€Å"Pork†. I will discuss what techniques were used in both events and how they held my interest. Mayella Ewell accuses Tom Robinson, a black man, of raping her and Atticus, Scout’s father takes the case. Scout and Jem, Atticus’s children sneak to the trial so we, as the reader, find out what is happening through Scout’s eyes. Scout has seen many trials, so her knowledge of what is happening makes it easier for the reader to understand, therefore holding our interest and stopping us from getting bored when we don’t understand the law jargon. Harper Lee wrote the book in a way that he would keep us in suspense. This is especially shown when Atticus is questioning Mayella Ewell. Atticus asked Mayella questions and called her â€Å"ma’am† which was something she had never been called before so she didn’t react well. This made her flustered and also made her say that Tom Robinson had thrown her down and beat her up. After this Atticus made Tom Robinson stand up only for the audience to see that he had a crippled arm. It was moments like this that made us, as readers not want to stop reading because we wanted to know what would happen next. We wanted to know what else Mayella would say. Harper Lee creates the suspension by writing the conversation between Atticus and Mayella Ewell. Lee shows how educated Atticus is in contrast to how uneducated Mayella is by the different language they use. It makes it interesting for the reader and it helps us be able to show who is talking at what moment. At the end of the trial, Atticus has done a good job making the reader think that Tom Robinson will go free. When actually, the jury finds him guilty. Harper Lee does this to shock the readers and to make them want to continue to read to see what happens after the trial, therefore continuing to hold our interest. The second event holds our interest in a similar way to the first event.

Fantasy Story Essay -- essays papers

Fantasy Story Deep in the City of Chic, on the plant of Decorous, there was a school named Ennui High School. At this school there was a very interesting girl named Bliss. Bliss had long wavy golden brown hair. She had big blue eyes that were on flawless snowy skin. Her lips were full, and they were always the perfect shade of soft crimson even without lipstick. Bliss just turned 17. She was doing well at school, but she really felt she was ready to get out of her old routine and see what else was out there. One spring Friday morning, Bliss was sitting on the stoop of the apartment building were she lived with her parents. She was looking up at the pink and purple towering buildings around her. They are wonderful, but I’ve been gazing at these buildings for 17 years now, she thought. Just then a big silver cat walked by her. It stopped, turned around, and came up to her. It looked at her intensely for a moment then said, "You will do just fine." After Bliss nearly choked on her tongue, she said, "Do just fine for what?" She had never seen a talking cat before, and she was lost in astonishment. The cat said, "I need some help finding an illusive treasure." Bliss replied, "Oh, and where is this illusive treasure?" The cat answered, "I’m not sure but I know where something is that will tell us where the treasure is. And this thing is about 3 blocks away." Bliss thought about this, and decided three blocks isn’t far. Besides she didn’t really want this talking cat walking out of her life. She said, "OK, lets go. What’s your name?" The silver cat said, "Jest. Follow me." They walked and turned corners for about 15 minutes. Bliss had always thought she knew the part of Chic that she lived in really well. They were only walking for a little bit. How did we get to a place I don’t recognize at all, she thought. She was following Jest into a light pink building. They went up two flights of red stairs, and down a hall. The floors, walls, and ceiling of the hall were royal blue. They came to an emerald door. Jest told Bliss to open it. As Bliss opened it, she was shocked at how white the room was. There was nothing in the room except a magenta wand with a light pink glittery top in the middle of the floor. Jest said, "Pick the wand up and ask it where the treasure is." Bliss did so to humor th... ... was made up of shiny platinum just like the outside. The walls, floors, and high ceilings were made of the enchanting platinum. The furnishings and the decorations were made up of glistering platinum and gold. It was breath takenly beautiful. Bliss and Jest followed the wand up three flights of platinum stairs. They went into a hallway that was entirely gold. Bliss, Jest and the wand went to the end of it. The were in front of a plain, solid, gold wall. The wand told Bliss where to knock on it. When Bliss knocked on it, a flight of platinum stairs that were going down appeared in the wall. They went down the stairs and came to a solid pink ruby door with a platinum doorknob. Bliss opened it. Inside was a room completely filled with diamonds. Each diamond was the size of a fist. They were so shiny and sparklingly. After Bliss got over her astonishment, she got the wand to transfer the diamonds, Jest, and herself to her bedroom in Chic. One year later. Bliss has one of the most successful boutiques in Chic. She travels all over Decorous. She lives in an awesome penthouse with Jest. She is thinking of opening a Club. She is never bored anymore. Fantasy Story Essay -- essays papers Fantasy Story Deep in the City of Chic, on the plant of Decorous, there was a school named Ennui High School. At this school there was a very interesting girl named Bliss. Bliss had long wavy golden brown hair. She had big blue eyes that were on flawless snowy skin. Her lips were full, and they were always the perfect shade of soft crimson even without lipstick. Bliss just turned 17. She was doing well at school, but she really felt she was ready to get out of her old routine and see what else was out there. One spring Friday morning, Bliss was sitting on the stoop of the apartment building were she lived with her parents. She was looking up at the pink and purple towering buildings around her. They are wonderful, but I’ve been gazing at these buildings for 17 years now, she thought. Just then a big silver cat walked by her. It stopped, turned around, and came up to her. It looked at her intensely for a moment then said, "You will do just fine." After Bliss nearly choked on her tongue, she said, "Do just fine for what?" She had never seen a talking cat before, and she was lost in astonishment. The cat said, "I need some help finding an illusive treasure." Bliss replied, "Oh, and where is this illusive treasure?" The cat answered, "I’m not sure but I know where something is that will tell us where the treasure is. And this thing is about 3 blocks away." Bliss thought about this, and decided three blocks isn’t far. Besides she didn’t really want this talking cat walking out of her life. She said, "OK, lets go. What’s your name?" The silver cat said, "Jest. Follow me." They walked and turned corners for about 15 minutes. Bliss had always thought she knew the part of Chic that she lived in really well. They were only walking for a little bit. How did we get to a place I don’t recognize at all, she thought. She was following Jest into a light pink building. They went up two flights of red stairs, and down a hall. The floors, walls, and ceiling of the hall were royal blue. They came to an emerald door. Jest told Bliss to open it. As Bliss opened it, she was shocked at how white the room was. There was nothing in the room except a magenta wand with a light pink glittery top in the middle of the floor. Jest said, "Pick the wand up and ask it where the treasure is." Bliss did so to humor th... ... was made up of shiny platinum just like the outside. The walls, floors, and high ceilings were made of the enchanting platinum. The furnishings and the decorations were made up of glistering platinum and gold. It was breath takenly beautiful. Bliss and Jest followed the wand up three flights of platinum stairs. They went into a hallway that was entirely gold. Bliss, Jest and the wand went to the end of it. The were in front of a plain, solid, gold wall. The wand told Bliss where to knock on it. When Bliss knocked on it, a flight of platinum stairs that were going down appeared in the wall. They went down the stairs and came to a solid pink ruby door with a platinum doorknob. Bliss opened it. Inside was a room completely filled with diamonds. Each diamond was the size of a fist. They were so shiny and sparklingly. After Bliss got over her astonishment, she got the wand to transfer the diamonds, Jest, and herself to her bedroom in Chic. One year later. Bliss has one of the most successful boutiques in Chic. She travels all over Decorous. She lives in an awesome penthouse with Jest. She is thinking of opening a Club. She is never bored anymore.

1984 Skeleton Outline Essay

â€Å"I used to think that cyberspace was fifty years away. What I thought was fifty years away, was only ten years away. And what I thought was ten years away†¦ it was already here. I just wasn’t aware of it yet†. Bruce Sterling (www. brainyquote. com) Technology has helped society achieve great strides in the world today. It has helped us to walk on the moon and find cures for certain cancers. However, technology can also have horrible and devastating effects. This is best illustrated in Orwell’s novel, 1984. Orwell’s novel has been adapted by Michael Radford who captured Orwell’s technologically inclined society through a visual medium. See more: Social process essay Radford’s film portrayed Orwell’s idea of 1984 more effectively. This will be proven through examination of additions and deletions of scenes, cinematography, and casting. Radford’s additions and deletions leave the audience questioning his choice. At the end of the film Radford leaves the audience with unanswered questions, whereas in the novel, Orwell had clear visual clues the answered the questions. â€Å"But it was all right, everything was all right the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (Orwell 311) An affective addition Radford included in his 1984, was towards the end of the film, Julia and Winston were planned to meet up with each other. In the novel, they had not planned to meet and just so happened that they bumped into each other. â€Å"Actually, it was by chance that they had met. It was in the Park, on a vile, biting day in March, when the earth was like iron and all the grass seemed dead and there was not a bud anywhere except a few crocuses which had pushed themselves up to be dismembered by the wind. He was hurrying along with frozen hands and watering eyes when he saw her not ten metres away from him. It struck him at once that she had changed in some ill-defined way. † (IBID 304) Make sure that you state why this quote is significant in proving that Radford was better at depicting Orwell’s vision. In the novel when Winston goes to meet O’Brien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was there with him. In the film when Winston goes to meet O’Brien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was not there, Radford has this addition included to emphasize how much Julia did not care about the Party. Radford`s interpretation of 1984 of additions and deletions was very affective. Radford’s use of cinematography was well done based on Orwell’s vision. With the help of color or if you look at it another way, a lack of colour, the film was meant to be shot in a dull and dreary setting. Radford was able to get across to the viewers, the sense of depression. * (put a quote in here of anything that describes any way that they dress or any of the colors that are described in the novel) Consider the opening couple of paragraphs. You could also talk about the scene in the film where his mother died and compare that to another scene to show how times have changed. Radford used bland and mechanized colors such as grey, navy blue and black. In Radford’s 1984 there was a scene shown of Hurt walking home from work and there was no color but greys, and a small amount of a dull navy blue. The actors in the film were too wearing dull navy uniforms and that was it. This was a perfect representation of the way Radford emphasized how dull the film was. The characters in the film, more specifically, John Hurt and Suzanna Hamilton, were also physically grey looking. Their skin was dead looking and physically sick which helped Radford set the theme of the film. (Use the description of the golden country are they the same in the novel and the film? ) If so how? If not how are they different ? Radford’s character selection was very effective that helped to portray Orwell’s vision. Radford’s 1984 was well cast. John Hurt acted just the way he was described in the novel. Although he did not speak much, Hurt used excellent facial expressions in order to get his point across and to communicate with others. â€Å"Winston Smith (John Hurt) is 39, but he has the skinny, wizened look of a perpetually chilled, undernourished child, whose face is that of an old man. † (www. ovie. nytimes. com) Julia, Suzanna Hamilton, was better depicted in the film than in the novel. â€Å"She brings a captivating freshness and warmth to her role, a little reminiscent of a young Harriet Anderson. Her pale, wiry, broad-hipped body has a simple, unaffected, almost archetypal beauty, and in the film’s more intimate moments, she radiates all the tactile sensual grace of a Munch or Degas nude†. (www. IMBd. com) Hamilton helps to portray Julia being a very rebellious character. In the film, Julia was an upfront kind of character whereas in the novel Julia seemed very closed yet didn’t really say much. Radford’s film adaptation of 1984 does effectively portray Orwell’s vision. This was proven by characters, additions and deletions, cinematography. Radford’s cinematography is an excellent adaptation of Orwell’s plot. The characters were well cast and Orwell’s vision was seen. The additions and deletions are very effective in portraying the vision of 1984. Overall Radford’s film does Orwell’s novel justice. Maybe for your conclusion keep the compare and contrast going. So for example Orwell made many choices about where to place characters in the novel but Radford adding or deleting them was a better choice for the vision as a whole.

Interpreting Research Findings Essay

What follows are my responses to the hypothetical students who responded to the topic: â€Å"The human mind is a very powerful tool of research. How does the mind use statistics, deductive logic, and inductive reasoning to interpret research findings? † Student #1. Since you provided the reference for your response, you may not understand the meaning of plagiarism. For example, the statement from Pinker’s article (p. 2): â€Å"In this conception, a computational system †¦ into existence† appears in your response, without quotation marks or a page reference. The addition of the parenthesized word â€Å"mind† does not make the excerpt yours. There are similar examples throughout your response. You might have had difficulty in reading a highly theoretical article: one that actually is from a scholarly journal (Pinker, 2005) and does not address the question of using â€Å"statistics, deductive logic, and inductive reasoning to interpret research findings†. Despite adding these phrases to statements from Pinker (paragraphs 2 and 3), you did not answer the question. Student #2. Your first three sentences, though interesting, aren’t related to the question. Note too that conclusions based on using the scientific method are not â€Å"right answers/outcomes. † The closest one can come to a â€Å"right answer† requires doing an experiment and then using inferential statistics to conclude that the probability of finding a result such as yours by chance is so low (e. g. , < . 05 or . 01) that it’s reasonable to conclude your experimental manipulation caused your results (Levin, 1999). Almost your entire response is related to descriptive statistics, only one part of the question. Your quote about deductive logic (the only route to certainty) does not explain how it is used, and your quote about inductive reasoning is not, in itself, a complete explanation of how such reasoning is used. Student #3. Your response was very good. Note that it isn’t possible to free one’s â€Å"mind of bias,† which is why methods are used to prevent human biases from influencing the results, as in the classic double-blind experiment, where neither participants nor researchers know who is receiving the placebo and who is receiving the medication (Levin, 1999). Also, your son’s conclusion was valid – a conclusion is valid if it must be true if the premise is true. He was incorrect because his premise was incorrect (typical of a bright three-year-old). Also, your discussion of inductive reasoning was weak – try thinking in terms of â€Å"inferential statistics. † As an aside, there were some violations of APA rules regarding citations and references. Student #4. Unfortunately, your response does not begin to address the question. Also, in answering a question you weren’t asked, you reached conclusions that have been disconfirmed in previous research. For example, there’s a strong relationship between the behavior of peers and a teenager’s use of nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, etc. , but not a relationship between parent and child use of these substances (reviewed in Harris, 1995). It’s true that â€Å"educational and prevention programs† have not been â€Å"cost effective,† but there’s no evidence that such programs are effective at all, i. e. , that they influence teenage-smoking. Before you reach a conclusion on the â€Å"something† you will study, you need to read the relevant literature on previous research. Student #5. In a response as brief as yours, the first two sentences should have been related to answering the question. I also have no idea of what your answer means: â€Å"to form somewhat of an ‘argument’ that helps to interpret research findings. † In discussing deductive reasoning, you needed to explain that incorrect premises can result in valid but incorrect conclusions and that factually correct premises can result in incorrect conclusions if the hypothesized conclusions are invalid (e. g. , in the classic example, knowing that â€Å"all men are mortal and that Socrates was mortal† does not imply that â€Å"Socrates was a man†). You also did not explain how statistics and inductive reasoning are used. Student #6. First, you did not provide any source(s). Had you used a book on statistics and design, e. g. , Levin, 1999, you would have avoided some errors, described below. Your examples of descriptive statistics are accurate, but your explanation of inferential statistics is not. A sample is used to generalize about a population, not about a larger sample. Also, if â€Å"blue† were the favorite color of 80 people in a sample of 100, you could not conclude (or â€Å"speculate†) that if you sample 1000 people, blue would be the favorite color of 800. You could conclude, for example, that if you repeatedly (infinitely) sampled 100 people from the same population, the probability of failing to find that a majority favor â€Å"blue† is known and small (e. g. , . 05 or . 01). It may be important to understand correlational research, but the question was to explain how particular tools were used to interpret research findings. One tool, deductive logic, does not, as you stated, â€Å"indicate that a series of statements are facts. † You also needed to use quotation marks in your statement from Kerlinger, 1986, â€Å"Hypotheses are declarative †¦ more variables† and the full Kerlinger reference should have been provided (you should not have included references you had not cited). Finally, your conclusion regarding your dissertation suggests you do not understand how the three research tools noted in the question are used, e. g. , do you intend to use statistics only in your literature review? References Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102, 458-490. Levin, I. P. (1999). Relating statistics and experimental design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Pinker, S. (2005). So how does the mind work? Mind & Language, 20, 1-24.

Health Care Delivery System

The Health Care Delivery System: A Blueprint to Reform Meredith King Ledford Jeanne M. Lambrew David J. Rothman John D. Podesta Abstract This paper explores a published book of concern with the American health care systems and top three health care issues. It shows an overview and recommendations of our health care delivery systems and an overall blueprint for reform. Ledford and Lambrew offer recommendations to promote quality, efficiency, patient-centeredness, and other salient characteristics of a high performing health system.The blueprint is a vision of how different parts of the system should be structured and how they should function ( (Meredith King Ledford, Jeanne M. Lambrew, David J. Rothman, & John D. Podesta, 2008) The Health Care Delivery System: A Blueprint to Reform Medicare is one of a governments program that shows one of America’s biggest issues. An estimated 2. 3 trillion was spent on health care in the United States in 2007, and the cost of health care cont inues to grow at an astromical rate. (Ranawat) Growing concern about the rate of health care spending has forced policymakers to evaluate new cost control solutions.Increasing spending on Medicare has focused policymakers’ efforts to help control expenditures but it doesn’t help the underlying fundamental flaws. Decreasing reimbursements will likely prompt many physicians to reconsider their participation in the Medicare program (Ranawat). (Meredith King Ledford, Jeanne M. Lambrew, David J. Rothman, & John D. Podesta, 2008) Included some insights on provider payment incentives, one incentive would be to revamp the process for updating the relative value scale used in Medicare’s physician fee schedule so that the relative values more accurately reflect relative costs.Medicaid is a federal and state program that is funded by taxpayers’ income tax payments to the government’s general revenue. Medicaid is one of the largest items in the federal budget, and its cost is growing at a rapid and unsustainable rate. The federal costs of expansion in Medicaid will be about 100 billion annually by 2020. (Edwards, 2010) Federal debt is spiraling out of control, and federal health programs are one of the main reasons why. The cost of Medicaid has grown explosively.Researchers have shown that spending jumped from $118 billion in 2000 to $275 billion by 2010 (Budget of the U. S. Government, Fiscal year 2011 Washington Printing Office 2010. The Health Care Delivery System: A Blueprint to Reform Conclusion and Future Study In order to gain a complete understanding of the government payment programs and different issues we face in the United States, it would be necessary to conduct a study that examines all aspects of Medicare and Medicaid. This would include The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) www. ms. hhs. gov, U. S. Census Bureau or The Official U. S. Government Web Site for people with Medicare (www. medicare. gov). Reference s Works Cited Edwards, C. (2010). Medicaid Reforms. Meredith King Ledford, M. , Jeanne M. Lambrew, P. , David J. Rothman, P. , & John D. Podesta, J. (2008). Government Payment Programs and Issues. In M. K. Ledford, & J. M. Lambrew, The Health Care Delivery System: A Blueprint for Reform (pp. 1-128). Center For American Progress. Ranawat, A. (n. d. ). Medicare. Issues of America.

Feasib Essay Example

Feasib Essay Example Feasib Essay Feasib Essay Chapter I INTRODUCTION Nowadays, people are so active and mobile. The lifestyle of the youth is to have their meals in a fast food chains. The demand for business in food industry is so fast and customers are given several choices. Because of this business trend, our group decided to open a restaurant that will give excellent service and good food for one target customers. We want to provide a convenient place, so we chose Nuvali, Laguna as our location, because there are lots of Chinese residences there. The establishment of Kimchi-ai restaurant will be created not only for profit but also help encourage number of people connected to the business enterprise as well as the community at large. Today, as we had observed, food house is considered as one of the most popular source of profit. The target market or the costumer is not limited to the people that surround the food house but also to the people from other places who are passing by and to the residents who are near the area. At the same time if the product has a good quality, delicious and affordable price, and people will tend to recommend it to their relatives and friends. Though this business can stand for itself, this study aims to analyze the feasibility of establishing a Kimchi-ai Restaurant located at Nuvali, Sta. Rosa Laguna. Statement of the Problem A. Marketing Aspect 1. What are the factors considered in pricing? 2. How can we give the costumer good service? 3. How does distribution Process conduct? 4. How can we promote products all over the Philippines? . What is Market General Description? 6. How Does Historical Demand, Historical Supply Conduct? B. Operational Aspect 1. What particular product will this restaurant sell? 2. What specific time span does this project cover? 3. What are some materials needed in making foods? 4. How can we keep our customers trust us? 5. Where is the project located? C. Organizational and Management Aspect 1. Who will manage this restaurant? 2. What are the qua lifications of personnel that are going to run the business? 3. : How the management will run the business? 4. How many employees do the establishment needed? 5. What form of organization will you used in your project? 6. What are the fridge benefits provided by the business? 7. What is the compensation scheme given to employees? D. Financial Aspect 1. What is initial capital requirement? 2. What will be the sources of the capital? 3. What will be the profitability of the business in terms of return on investment? 4. Will the project be financially viable? Objective of the study The objective of our study is To determine the owners of the business; To give the costumer good service; To know how distribution Process conduct; To promote products all over the Philippines; To know How Historical Demand, Historical Supply Conduct; To know what Market General Description is; To determine the kind of dish of restaurant; To know what specific time span does this project cover; To know what are some materials needed in making foods; To know where is the project located; To keep our customers trust us; To determine the qualifications of personnel that are going to run the business; To determine the management will run the business; To determine the numbers of employees the establishment needed; To determine the form of organization will used in our project; To determine the fridge benefits provided by the business; To determine the compensation scheme given to employees; To determine; To determine the factor considered in pricing which to provide excellent food and se rvice, accessible location, very reasonable price; and To determine the initial capital of (P 900,000) from partnership contribution; To determine the sources of the capital; To determine the profitability of the business in terms of return on investment; and To determine if the project be financially viable. Significance of the study Through this project study, we can determine how and who will manage a certain restaurant. We will be able to know the particular widely eaten food and the principles and values in producing it will serve as a basis or will help us obtain consideration to its product quality, selling price as well as analysis of its direct competitors. It maybe in analyzing effective management process, profit planning, and the contribution of the industry to the economy. This will be beneficial to the public like a students, employees and resident s as a whole because they may be updated on the current development and trends of the food industry and their prospects for growth in the years to come. Scope and delimitation Our Kimchi-ai Restaurant is located at Nuvali Sta. Rosa Laguna. Our restaurant has 100 square meter areas. This site is quite convenient for our potential customers because it is surrounded by schools, food markets, church and other establishment which could be our target markets. And a lot of Chinese people live in the same place so that is a really suitable place to open the restaurants. Methodology The realization of this project would seem too impossible without the use of some research methods and techniques, which are fundamental in the process of data accumulation. During the entire study, the researchers made use of the multi stage cluster sampling which is used when the population is so big and the geographical area of the research is large, the general procedure is to divide the area of population into cluster or blocks or barangay especially in parts where theoretical explanations are needed. Survey Questionnaire: Name: ___________________________________ Age: ____________________________________ Nationality: ______________________________ Gender: _________________________________ Kindly take just a little time to answer few easy questions. Thank you! 1. Do you eat at Chinese Restaurant? Yes _______ No ________ 2. How often do you eat at Chinese Restaurant? Every day: ____________ Once A week: _________ Twice a Month: ________ Once a Month: _________ Every other month: ______ 3. Which type of food service do you prefer? Yes No Self-Service ________ __________ Staff-attended ________ __________ Smorgas board ________ __________ 4. Which Chinese Foods do you like the most? Noodles: _______________ Topping Rice: ___________ Hot Pot: ________________ Dishes: ________________ Soups: _________________ 5. What tastes do you like the most? Sweet: __________ Salty: ___________ Sour: ___________ Spicy: __________ 6. Have you eaten in the Chinese Restaurants given below? Wan Tsa Tea House: _______ Hap Chan Restaurant: ______ 7. How much do you spend per occasion? P500: __________ P1, 500: _______ P2, 000: ________ 8. Are you willing to eat at a new restaurant offering a Chinese and Korean Dishes Combined? Yes: __________ No: ____________ Comments/ Suggestion: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________ Thank you for your Time. Result of Survey Questionnaire Survey Questionnaire is important in making research to evaluate the demand of the respondents. After the distributions of the survey questionnaire 100% of the questionnaire return. Here is the result of the survey: Question no. 1 Do you eat at Chinese restaurants? Yes 75 No 25 Factors 75% Question no. 2 How often do you eat at Chinese restaurants? Factors Everyday 5 5% Once a week33 33% Twice a month1010% Once a month4747% Every other month5 5% Question no. 3 Which type of food service do you prefer? YesNoFactors Self-service595 5% Staff-attended7030 70% Smorgas board2575 25% Question no. 4 Which Chinese foods do you like most? Factors Noodles15 15% Topping rice5 5% Hot pot25 25% Dishes41 41% Soups14 14% Question no. 5 What taste do you like? Factor Sweet25 25% Salty23 23% Sour10 10% Spicy42 42% Question no. 6 Have you eaten in the Chinese restaurants given below? Factor Wan Tsa Tea house 60 60% Hap Chan Restaurant 30 30% Question no. 7 How much do you spend per occasion? Factor P50033 33% P1, 50040 40% P2, 00027 27% Question no. 8 Are you willing to eat at a new restaurant offering Chinese and Korean dishes combined? Yes20 No8 Factors20% Review of Related Literature Local History In the Philippines, restaurants continue to flourish as several people are discovering the varied cuisines being offered by these eating places. Beside of the delectable menu they serve, these restaurants also offer excellent services and ambience that makes one’s meal truly worthwhile. The restaurant industry is one of the few remaining fields which an individual can enter with a relatively small capital investment and by ability and hard work can achieve ultimate success. To boost the development of the industry, the government of the Philippines enacted its hand book on â€Å"Rules and Regulations to govern the Business Operation of All Restaurants in the Philippines†. The acts states that it should provide measures for controlling and regulating the standard of service and amenities for tourist in hotel and restaurant. The main objective is to uplift the standard of the industry. It also provides guidelines on the registration licensing, regulating health and hygiene conditions and other counter measures. On the whole, if a person is going to operate a restaurant. It will not only give profit but also contribute to the over-all economic development of the country the image of the country, and the growth of the flourishing tourism industry. Foreign History An old Chinese saying states â€Å"Good tools are prerequisite to the successful execution of a job†. Chinese cuisine is famous the world over various cooking of delicious dishes. Generally Speaking, Chinese families have more kitchen utensils than other nationalities, because the Chinese people consider â€Å"eating† a kind of art. The various utensils of different size have special purposes of their own. They are like the tools of a painter; only with them can a fine work be done. The utensils for cooking Chinese cuisine include broilers, pans, of different sizes, steam baskets made from bamboo and chopping block. Besides, aluminum chafing dish is essential to keep the soup warm in winter. Chinese cuisine is not only delicious but also pleasing to eyes. When many foreigners tasted Chinese cuisines for the first time, watching the dishes arranged like a painting, they could not help asking â€Å"Are they for appreciation or for eating? † The Chinese cuisine is for the appreciation of the eyes and mouth when preparing Chinese dishes, emphasis are placed on good taste and adequate use of oven to ensure that the food is local literature. Definition of terms Bamboo shoots- There are several kinds of bamboo shoots available in the West-all in cans only, which is a pity since they lose much of their crispy texture and flavor. Try to obtain Winter bamboo shoots; they are dug up from the cracked earth before the shoots grow to any great length or size, therefore they are extra tender and tasty. Spring bamboo shoots are much larger; they sometimes may reach several feet in length and 3-4 in (7. 5-10cm) in diameter. Once the can is opened, the shoots may be kept in a covered jar of water in the refrigerator for several days. Braised bamboo shoots in cans should be eaten cold without any further cooking. Bean-curd (tofu)- Made from soaked yellow soy beans ground with water. A coagulant is added after some of the water is strained through muslin cloth, causing the ground beans to curdle and become firm bean-curd. Usually sold in squares about 21/2 X 21/2 in (6X6cm), ? in (2cm) thick. Will keep a few days if submerged in water in a container and placed in the coldest part of refrigerator. Dried bean-curd skin is usually sold either in thick sticks or thin sheets. It should be soaked in cold water overnight or in warm water for at least an hour before use. Bean sauce- Sometimes called ‘Crushed bean sauce’, this thick sauce is made from black or yellow beans, flour and salt. It is sold in tins and, once opened, must be transferred into a screw-top jar and then it will keep in a refrigerator for months. (N. B. Black bean sauce is very salty, while yellow bean sauce is sweeter with sugar added. ) Bean sprouts- Two kinds are available: yellow soy bean sprouts, only to be found in Chinese provision stores, and green mung bean sprouts, which can be bought from almost every large city supermarket. (Never use canned bean sprouts; they do not have the crunchy texture which is the main characteristics of bean sprouts. ) They can be kept in the refrigerator for two or three days if bought fresh. Cellophane or transparent noodles- Made from mung beans. They are sold in dried form, tied into bundles weighing from 2 oz (50g) to 1lb (0. 5kg). Soak in warm water for five minutes before use. Chili paste- Also called ‘Chili puree’. It made of chili, soy bean, salt, sugar and flour. Sold in jars and will keep almost indefinitely. Chili sauce-Hot, red sauce made from chilis, vinegar, plums, salt and sesame. Chinese cabbage- There are innumerable varieties of cabbage grown in China, of which only two or three types are available in the West. The one most commonly seen is known as celery cabbage or Chinese leaves (Brassica pekinensis), it has a pale green color and tightly wrapped elongated head, two-thirds of the vegetable is stem which has a crunchy texture; another variety has a shorter and fatter head with curlier, pale yellow leaves. Then there is the dark green-leaved variety, also with white stems (Brassica chinensis); and the bright green-leaved variety with pale green stems, sometimes with a sprig of yellow flower in the center (Brassica parachinensis) which is very much prized by the Chinese. These last two varieties are sold only in Chinese stores. Chinese dried mushrooms- There are two main types of Chinese mushrooms: those that grow on trees, known as Fragrant or Winter Mushrooms (Lentinus edodes); and those cultivated on a bed of straw, known as Straw Mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea). Fragrant of Winter Mushrooms are sold dried; they are used in many dishes as a complementary vegetable for their flavor and aroma. Soak in warm water for 20-30 minutes, squeeze dry and discard the hard stalks before use. Straw Mushrooms are available in cans, they are completely different in texture and flavor. The western varieties of common or field mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus or Psalliota campestris) can be used as substitutes. Five-spice powder- A mixture of anise seed, fennel, cloves, cinnamon and pepper. It is very strongly piquant, so use a very small amount each time. It will keep for years if stored in a tightly covered container. Fresh coriander- Sometimes known as Chinese parsley, this plant is available in oriental stores or in Italian grocers where it is called cilantro. Ginger- The roots of the ginger plant, or zingiber officinal to use its scientific name, are an indispensable ingredient in both Chinese and Indian cuisine. Thought to have originated in South-east Asia, the plant’s name, †zingiber† means horn-shaped, after the irregular shapes on the rhizomes or roots. Valued for its clean, sharp flavor, ginger is used in soups, stir-fries, and marinades. It is especially good with seafood, as it can cover up strong fish odors. Green hot chili- Will keep fresh for a week or two in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator in a plastic bag. Green seaweed- This mosslike seaweed is dark green in color. It is sold dried, in wads or n matted chips. When deep-fried in oil, it is crisp and has a toasted fragrance. Dried green cabbage leaves can be used as a substitute. Hoi Sin Sauce- Also known as barbeque sauce. Made from soy beans, sugar, flour, vinegar, salt, garlic, chili and sesame. Kao Liang Liqueur- A spirit made from sorghum and millet. Brandy or vodka can be substituted. Oyster sauce: A thick sauce made from oysters and soy sauce. Sold in bootle, it will keep in the refrigerator indefinitely. Red bean curd sauce- A thick sauce made from fermented bean curd and salt. Sold in cans or jars, will keep indefinitely. Rice- Rice is main part of the dish because rice is used to serve the main dish because use it to accent most of the food. Rice wine- Also known as Shaoxing wine, made from glutinous rice. Sake or pale (medium or dry) sherry can be substituted. Salted black beans- Whole bean sauce, very salty. Scallions- Also known as spring onions. Sesame seed oil- Sold in bottles. Widely, used in China as a garnish rather than for cooking. The refined yellow sesame oil sold in Middle Eastern stores has fewer flavors and therefore is not a very satisfactory substitute. A few words must be said here regarding the types of oil used in Chinese cooking. The most commonly used in China are vegetable oils such as soy bean, peanut or rape seed oils. The Chinese never use butter or meat dripping, although lard and chicken fat are used in some in some regional cooking, notably in the Eastern School. Sichuan preserved vegetable- This is a specialty of Sichuan province. It is the root of a special variety of the mustard green pickled in salt and hot chili. Sold in cans. Once opened it can be stored in a tightly sealed jar in the refrigerator for months. Sichuan peppercorns- Reddish-brown peppercorns, much stronger than either black or white peppercorns of the West. Usually sold in plastic bags. Will keep indefinitely in a tightly sealed container. Soy sauce- Invented by the Chinese approximately 3,000 years ago, soy sauce is made from fermented soybeans, wheat flour, water, and salt. The two main types of soy sauce are light and dark. As the name implies, light soy sauce is lighter in color, and also sweeter than dark soy sauce. In Chinese cooking, it is used more often than dark soy-always use light soy in a recipe unless dark is especially called for. Aged for a longer period of time, dark soy sauce is thicker and blacker in color. It is also less salty than light soy. It is used in certain recipes to add color, and as a dipping sauce. Tiger lily or golden needles- the buds of a special type of lily. Solid in dried form, should be soaked in warm water for 10-20 minutes and the hard seems removed. They are often used in combination with wooden ears. Tomato sauce- quite different from western tomato ketchup. Italian tomato paste may be substituted when fresh tomatoes are not available. Water chestnuts- strictly speaking, water chestnuts do not belong to the chestnut family; they are the roots of a vegetable. Also known as Horse’s hoof in China on account of their appearance before the skin is peeled off. They are available fresh or in cans. Canned water chestnuts retain only part of the texture, and even less of the flavor of fresh ones. Will keep for about a month in a refrigerator in a covered jar. Water chestnut powder- the flour made from water chestnuts. Cornstarch is a good substitute. Wooden ears- also known as Clod Ears, they are dried tree fungus. Sold in dried form, should be soaked in warm water for 20 minutes; discard any hard stems and rinse in fresh water before use. They have a crunchy texture and a mild but subtle flavor. According to the Chinese, wooden ears contain protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and carbohydrates, and one particular brand from Hubei province claims on the packet that is ‘possesses such effect as cleaning gastro enteric organs in human body’ Chopsticks- Chinese simply choose chopstick as their tableware rather than knife and fork since Chinese people, under cultivation of Confucianism, consider knife and fork bearing sort of violence, like cold weapons. However chopsticks reflect gentleness and benevolence, the main moral teaching of Confucianism. Chinese food seems to taste better eaten with chopsticks which are the special utensils Chinese use to dine. It will be an awkward experience for foreigners to use chopsticks to have meal. Fortunately, learning to eat with it is not difficult. Chapter V FINANCIAL ASPECTS Capital Requirements The following methods are used to analyze the capital budgeting: A) Payback Period The payback period will provide the number of years required to return the original investment. B) Net Present Value It is the difference between the present value of the future cash inflows and the present value of the project’s invested capital. C) Internal Rate of Return The rate that equates the present value of cash inflows with the amount of the investment that is present value equals zero. Sources of Financing The proposed project will be financed from equity contribution coming from the member of the group in the amount of P900,000. Basic Assumption The following assumptions were used in the preparation of the project’s financial statements: A) Salaries and wages will be increased by 10% annually. B) Employees’ uniform is estimated to be P250 a dress. Two dresses will be given to 30 personnel. The expense will increase at the rate of 10% annually. C) Rental expense is placed as P360, 000 annually with an annual increase of 10%. D) Parking lot rental expense is placed as P2, 000 per month with a yearly increase of 10%. E) License fee is about P500 a year; a yearly increase of 10% is assumed. F) Advertising and sales promotions are estimated to be P43, 000 per annum with an annual increase of 10%. G) Repair and maintenance are assumed to be P24, 000 annually with an annual increase of 10%. Operating Expense Description |1st year |2nd year |3rd year |4th year |5th year | |Salaries and Wages |P1, 642, 602 |P1, 807, 197 |P1, 987, 916 |P2, 186, 708 |P2, 405, 379 | |Uniform |15, 000 |16, 500 |18, 150 |19, 965 |27, 962 | |Rental |360, 000 |39, 600 |435, 600 |479, 160 |527, 076 | |Parking Lot Rental |24, 000 |26, 400 |29, 040 |31, 944 |35, 138 | |License Fee |500 |550 |605 |666 |732 | |Advertising and Sales |43, 000 |47, 300 |52, 030 |57, 233 |65, 956 | |Promotion | | | | | | |Repair Maintenance |24, 000 |26, 400 |29, 040 |31, 944 |35, 138 | |Supply |21, 000 |23, 100 |25, 410 |27, 951 |30, 746 | |Utilities |165, 000 |181, 500 |199, 650 |219, 615 |241, 575 | |Depreciation |64, 000 |64, 000 |64, 000 |64, 000 |64, 000 | |Amortization |24, 000 |24, 000 |24, 000 |24, 000 |24, 000 | |Insurance |6, 100 |6, 710 |3, 812 |4, 193 |4, 612 | |Breakage |3, 150 |3, 464 |2, 100 |3, 300 |4, 612 | |Miscellaneous |10, 000 |11, 000 |12, 100 |13, 300 |14, 641 | |Total |P2, 402, 656 |P2, 634, 122 |P2, 888, 734 |P3, 168, 807 |P3, 476, 888 | Financial Statements 1. Projected income statement (Table F-1) the proposed Restaurant is expected to generate a net income of P 104,978 in the first year of operation, P 316,856 in the second, P 492,179 in the third , P 588,657 in the fourth , and P709,876 in the fifth year of operation. (table 1) shows the income statement projection for five years 2. Balance sheet (TableF-2) the total assets will increase from P900,000 in the first year to P1,436,374 in the fifth year of financial position of the proposed projected. 3. Cash flow statement (TableF-3) shows the projected cash flow statement. It reveals satisfactory cash position from year to year. Income Statement (Table F-1) Particular |1st year |2nd year |3rd year |4th year |5th year | |Sales Revenue |P 3, 888, 000 |P 4,675,968 |P 5,424,172 |P6,013,440 |P6, 690, 816 | |Cost of Sales |1, 360, 800 |1, 636, 589 |1, 898, 467 |2, 104, 704 |2, 341, 786 | |Gross Profit |2, 527, 200 |3, 039, 379 |3, 525, 725 |3, 908, 736 |4, 349, 030 | |Less: | | | | | | |Operat ing Expense |2, 402, 656 |2, 634, 122 |2, 888, 734 |3, 168, 807 |3, 476, 888 | |Operating Income 124, 544 |405 , 257 |636, 991 |739, 929 |872, 142 | |Less: |19, 566 |94, 700 |170, 122 |206,150 |252, 425 | |Income Tax | | | | | | | | | | |- | | |Net Income |P104,978 |310, 558 |466, 869 |533, 779 |619, 718 | | |========== |========== |========= |========= | | |Add: | | | | | | |Interest Income |0 |6, 299 |25, 310 |54, 841 |90, 158 | |Net Income before |104, 978 |316, 856 |492, 179 |58, 620 |707, 876 | |Drawing | | | | | | |Less: |62, 987 |190, 114 |295, 307 |353, 172 |425, 925 | |Owner’s Drawing | | | | | | |Net Income after |- |- |- |- |- | |Drawing |41, 991 |126, 743 |196, 872 |235, 448 |283, 950 | |(Deposit in the bank) |========= |========== |========= |========= |========= | Balance Sheet (Table F-2) |Particular |0 |1st Year |2nd Year 3rd Year |4thYear |5th Year | |Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Current Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Cash on Hand: | | | | | | | | |346,000 |448,332 |604,105 |741,210 |809,604 |852,809 | |Bank deposits |0 |41,991 |126,743 |196,872 |235,448 |283,950 | |Inventory |0 |5,234 |6,295 |7,302 |8,095 |9,007 | |Rental |60,000 |60,000 |60,000 |60,000 |60,000 |60,000 | |Anvanced | | | | | | | |(deposit) | | | | | | | |Parking lot Rental |4,000 |4,000 |4,000 |4,000 |4,000 |4,000 | |advanced | | | | | | | |(deposit) | | | | | | | |Advanced Income |0 |0 |6,299 |31,609 |86,450 |176,608 | |Receivable | | | | | | | |Total Current Assets |410,000 |559,557 |807,442 |1,040,993 |1,203,597 |1,386,374 | |Fixed Assets |70,000 |70,000 |70,000 |70,000 |70,000 |70,000 | |Renovation | | | | | | |Delivery Van |100,000 |100,000 |100,000 |100,000 |100,000 |100,000 | |Equipment |100, 000 |100, 000 |100, 000 |100, 000 |100, 000 |100, 000 | |Furniture and Fixture|79, 000 |79, 000 |79, 000 |79, 000 |79, 000 |79, 000 | |Cutlery Crockery |21, 000 |21, 000 |21, 000 |21, 000 |21, 000 |21, 000 | |Less Accumulated | | | | | | | |Depreciation |0 |(64, 000) |(128, 000) |(192, 000) |(256, 000) |(320, 000) | | | | | | | | | |Net |370, 000 |306, 000 |242, 000 |178, 000 |114, 000 |50, 000 | |Pre-Operating Expense| | | | | | | | |120, 000 |120, 000 |120, 000 |120, 000 |120, 000 |120, 000 | |Less | | | | | | | |Accumulated |0 |(24, 000) |(48, 000) |(72, 000) |(96, 000) |(120, 000) | |Depreciation | | | | | | | | | | | |- |- |- | |Net |120, 000 |96, 000 |72, 000 |48, 000 |24, 000 |0 | | | |- | |- |- |50, | |Total Fixed Asset |490, 000 |402, 000 |314, 000 |226, 000 |138, 000 |000 | |Total Assets | | | |- |1, | | |900, 000 |961, 551 |1, 121, 442 |1, 266, 993 |1, 341, 597 |436, 374 | | |======= |======= |======== |======== |======== |======== | |Liabilities and | | | | | | | |Owner’s Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Accrued Tax Payable | | | | | | | | |0 |19, 566 |94, 700 |170, 122 |206, 150 |252, 425 | |Owner’s Equity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Capital | | | | | | | | |900, 000 |900, 000 |900, 000 |900, 000 |900, 000 |900, 000 | |Total Income |0 |41, 991 |126, 743 |196, 872 |235, 448 |283, 950 | |Total Owner’s Equity | | | |- | | | | |900, 000 |941, 991 |1, 026, 743 |1, 096, 872 |1, 135, 448 |1, 183, 950 | |Total Liability and |- |- |- | |- | | |Owner’s Equity |900, 000 |961, 557 |1, 121, 443 |1, 266, 994 |1, 341, 598 |1, 436, 375 | | |======= |======= |======== |======== |======== |======= | Cash Flow (Table F-3) Particulars |0 year |1st year |2nd year |3rd year |4th year |5th year | |Cash on hand |P0 |P346, 000 |P448, 332 |P604, 105 |P741, 210 |P809, 604 | |Beginning Balance | | | | | | | |Add: |900, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Capital | | | | | | | |Sales Revenue |0 |3, 888, 000 |4, 675, 968 |5, 424, 192 |6, 754, 650 |7, 500, 420 | |Total Cash Available|900, 000 |4, 234, 000 |5, 124, 300 |6, 028, 297 |6, 754, 650 |7, 500, 420 | |Less: | | | | | | | |Uses of Fund | | | | | | | |Pre-operating |120, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Expense | | | | | | | |Rental Advanced |60, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Parking Lot Rental |4, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Advanced | | | | | | | |Renovation |70, 000 |0 0 |0 |0 |0 | |Delivery Van |100, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Equipment |100, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Furniture Fixtures|79, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | |Cutlery Crockery |21, 000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | | | | |- | |- | | |Purchases |0 |1, 366, 034 |1, 637, 650 |1, 899, 474 |2, 105, 497 |2, 342, 698 | |Operating Expense |0 |2, 314, 656 |2, 546, 122 |2, 800, 734 |3, 080, 807 |3, 388, 888 | |Bank Deposits |0 |41, 991 |126, 743 |196, 872 |235, 448 |283, 950 | |Owner’s Drawing |0 |62, 987 |190, 144 |295, 307 |353, 172 |425, 925 | |Income Tax |0 |0 |19, 566 |94, 700 |170, 122 |206, 150 | |Total Use of Fund | | | |- | | | | |554, 000 |3, 758, 068 |4, 520, 195 |5, 287, 087 |5, 945, 046 |6, 647, 611 | |Cash on Hand Ending | |- |- | | | | |Balance |P346, 000 |P448, 332 |P604, 105 |P741, 210 |P809, 604 |P852, 809 | | |======= |======== |======== |======== |======== |======= | Financial Ratio From the financial statement, several financial ratios were computed to test the projects viability and resources utilization to determine how profitable the project is. Tables F-1 to table F-3 contains selected liquidity and profitability ratios for the proposed restaurant. It is noteworthy that the liquidity ratios of the restaurants indicate that the restaurant is expected to be very liquid and capable of servicing its maturing obligations. The profitability ratios, on the other hand, indicate the business’ level of profits can be expected to remain high, and thus lead to the attainment of the proponent’s profit objectives. Evaluation of the Project Study Net Present Value Year |Net Income |Non Cash Items |Cash Inflows |Discounted factor |Present Value | | | | | |(35%) | | |1st |104,978 |88,000 |192,978 |0. 741 |142,997 | |2nd |316,856 |88,000 |404,856 |0. 549 |222,266 | |3rd |492,179 |88,000 |520,179 |0. 406 |235,553 | |4th |588,620 |88,000 |676,620 |0. 01 |203,663 | |5th |709,876 |88,000 |797,876 |0. 223 |177,926 | Payback Period Total capital investment = 900, 000 |Years |Net Income |Non Cash Item |Cash Inflow |Investment | |0 | | | |Balance | | | | | |900,000 | |1st 104,978 |88,000 |192,978 |707,022 | |2nd |316,856 |88,000 |404,856 |302,166 | |3rd |492,179 |88,000 |580,179 |(278,013) | |4th |588,620 |88,000 |676,620 | | |5th |709,876 |88,000 |797,876 | | Return of the Investment |Years |Net income before |Capital Investment (in pesos) |Return of investment | | |drawing (in pesos) | |(ROI) | |1st |104, 978 |900,000 |11. 6% | |2nd |316,856 |900,000 |35. 21% | |3rd |492,179 |900,000 |54. 69% | |4th |588,620 |900,000 |65. 40% | |5th |709,876 |900,000 |78. 88% | | |Average ROI | |49. 17% | Acknowledgement There are things that we can do by ourselves but there are much more things that we can accomplish through the help of other people. This research is three and the researchers are indebted to a good number of people for their valuable assistance in many ways. We, researchers wish to express our profound gratitude and sincere appreciation to our dear professor, Professor Enrique Rodrigo, for his understanding, supportive advice and reliable suggestions. I would like to extend our heartfelt appreciation to Mr. Chen Hang, who has been involved with this study in sharing his valuable and precious time to make this study possible, as well as encouragement in pursuing this study, without which this study would not have been accomplished. Special thanks to all our friends who have in one or another way contributed to the success of this work. Above all, we wish to express our deep thanks and gratitude to God almighty for all his blessing, protection and divine assistance to acquire educational knowledge and the life and good health he spared us throughout our studies in feasibility studies a possibility and success. Chapter VI POTENTIAL PROBLEM Risk is inherent in business. A feasibility study simply may reduce the incidence of failure. The following problems may arise in the future. Unexpected competition If this venture proves profitable, other investors would be motivated to engage in this business. This will give rise to competition. In order to maintain the project’s profitability, the management should make the food attractive and ore delicious, and prove that the foods served are sanitary. Quality of food The most important for the restaurant is the quality of food because from where, the restaurant will be known in the public also, the restaurant must maintain the good raw materials, supply the good quality of the food and taste of the food. Pilferage and theft of the food This is one case that will come up inside the ware house or in other sections when they are seldom checked for internal control. This may be done by the employees themselves. It this happens frequently, it will result in big losses. To protect this case, the management should strictly and immediately check from one section to the other. When the restaurant buys new merchandise, the used merchandise should be checked and inspected. Pilferage of china wares by customers This also one of the most common problems of restaurant operations there are some customers who, for one reason or other, steal such things as spoons, forks, caps, saucers, etc. In view of the prevailing costs of these items, losses should be kept to a minimum. What can be done in this regard is to make it the responsibility of the waiters to retrieve all utensils being used by the customers as soon as possible. Besides, they will be given the responsibility of keeping a close look for those people. Breakage of china wares An income instance, breakages occurs due to carelessness of personnel. As china ware very expensive, breakages can result also in substantial losses. As a remedy, personnel will be given training on the proper handling of these items. If however, despite of this precautionary measure there will still be breakages, the guilty party will be required to pay the cost of what he broke. Breakdown of major equipments Breakdown of major equipment like air-conditioning units, freezers, refrigerators and the like could pose a potential problem for the management of the proposed restaurant. In this case, the management must provide maintenance and regular check-up on the service ability of these equipments. Increase in demand In the initial years the demands of restaurant is increasingly slow but the demand is demand is expected to gradually increase this increase in demand will ultimately result in more customers w/c might become a problem if they are not properly hosted. In order to overcome this potential problem, the management of the propose restaurant will give are consideration to the training of employees who should be able to handle any additional burden. Employee problem This is a common problem encountered by this kind of business because it refers to the relationship between employee and owners but the research presents the following solution: 1. Make contract w/ the employees for at least one year work. 2. Threat them like family member 3. Give them better benefits than your competitors. Economic conditions The unstable economical condition always worry the investors because the inflation, depreciating value of pesos and different amendment in and regulation always affect the purchasing power of clients. But since, the market consist of type a,b,c mostly and d, partially, w/c does not suffer much doing inflation as compared to the other business . Change of chief cook Because of the high competition, it may be possible that any new or old competitors will pick the trump card, meaning to say the chief cook because he always plays an important part in every food business. So first, research suggests that special attention should be given to chief cook. But case he leaves, the job again will be to look for a good cook. The other cooks who work w/ chief cook will be given a chance to show their potential and skills, otherwise it will be a drawback for restaurant. Chapter VII SOCIAL DESIRABILITY Businesses are operated to earn profit. In this business we do not only get the profit but think that it will benefit the people or the government. This study was conducted not only to prove the viability of the proposed project but also to develop and prepares feasibility study in the context of development. The thrust of the proposed project will contribute socio-economic benefits to society. 1. Solution of unemployment problem a. The proposed venture is to be operated by 30 workers with an expected increase in sales more workers will have to be recruited there by generating continuous employment that is helpful in reducing the problem of unemployment in the country. b. Employment improves a person’s standard living. 2. Governments revenues due to taxes a. The restaurant will pay taxes to the government so that it will contribute to the government’s source of income. b. The taxes paid by all these restaurants will be great help- in boosting the country economically. The restaurant is one of the vita cogs in the preservation of Philippine economy as it becomes one of weapons against inflation. 3. Convenience of the public a. The proposed project will provide Chinese food to all income groups customers 4. Related industries a. This project will create new market for a domestic supplier of raw material. It will develop a new or help to develop a new service of supply for existing or potential industrial consumers and thus induce new investments along the lines linked to it. For instance, this project can create new market for domestic supplier of raw food stuffs and ingredients required by its process. This is termed as back work â€Å"linkage† effect 5. Closer relationship a. The Chinese restaurant will serve as the bridge that would narrow the gap between the Filipino and Chinese communities. It would make for much closer ties between the Philippines and china. other 6. The knowledge that will be earned by the readers of this feasibility is not to be overlooked. Any person who wants to invest in the restaurant business but does not have enough knowledge about this business, this proposed study will help him. Hence, this will create sufficient awareness regarding restaurant operation Chapter VIII FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presents the findings, conclusions and recommendation drawn from the extensive study conducted by the researcher. Findings 1. Organization and Management Aspects The proposed Chinese restaurant shall be implemented through a single proprietorship type of business. This is rather the simplest and easiest type of establish on the part of the proponent. The functional type of structure should be chosen over the other types because the proposed business is only small one and the personnel complement required to make it functional is also small. There should be 30 personnel to be needed to manage the business. This number includes the General Manager down to the Helpers/Busboys/Janitors. Certain factors should be considered in assigning the compensation of every personnel. The compensation should commensurate with the efforts and expected output to be expected from each position. Compensation should commensurate with also the qualifications for each position. The business establishment should comply with all the laws especially those that provide benefits and protection for labor. 2. Marketing Aspects The information gathered from the Market Research, shows that there are concrete indicators of a big market for Chinese restaurants. Some respondents said that they prefer to entertain their visitors in Chinese restaurants. So, even if there are already the same types of business existing in the Navali are, the researcher plans to pursue this kind of business. The demand is very evident among the population of the area and the tourists of different nationalities who are used to frequently visit the restaurants for their lunch needs and for more leisure oriented eating/occasions. The derived figures show that the demand gap is so high and it will be expected to increase along with the increase in population. On the other hand, supply for the competitors will also increase with the increase in occupancy rates but they do not have a plan to expand their venture because of limited space available. The proposed venture will take the market share in the first year. To boost the sale of a restaurant different marketing strategies should be adopted including distinctive atmosphere, the traditional food will be provided to their guest. Quality of food and services, variety of food and sound promotional policies will be adopted before and during the operating stage. 3. Production/Technical Aspects The proposed Chinese Restaurant will be located at Navali Laguna with the propose name Kimchi-ai. This area is busy area center of business with numerous office, jewelry store, hotels, bank branches, and a first run movie house. The location at China town also attracts many visitors and tourist. The total area of the restaurant comprises 201 square meters. It has a total sitting capacity of 96 people. Operational process starts with the procurement, receiving and storing of food. Then, it will proceed to the preparing, cooking and catering of food. The sales estimated for the first year of operation will be P 3,888,000. Conclusion Considering that the profitability analysis conducted on the project’s projected financial statement yield positive results; and considering further, that the financial ratio analysis conducted on the project indicates that the business can be financially be sound, we can conclude that the proposed project involving the setting up a Chinese Restaurant in Novali Laguna is viable proposition. Recommendation Base from the study of four functional and areas and after discussing all the problems of the feasibility study and from the financial stand point, it is reflected that the project appears to be financially viable, profitable and technically feasible. The competition from other businesses could be face by protecting the good quality of the product, especially the taste of the food. So, it appears that it will have product quality and, indirectly, it cannot be weakened by competition. Therefore, the project is recommended fro implementation. Chapter IX SUMMARY OF THE STUDY Summary The overall objective of this project feasibility study is to determine whether it is feasible and viable to establish and operate Chinese restaurant in Nuvali Laguna. The researchers Methods use in the study are the Descriptive and Analytical. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Structured questionnaire was distributed to various respondents of the target market as well as for the restaurant operators. Secondary data includes the data from many agencies and libraries, Annual reports and monthly statistical report from the government agencies. The feasibility of the proposed project depends on the four functional areas and these areas seek the answers of the following problems: 1. Organization and Management Aspects 1. What form of business organization should be best suited to operate the proposed business? 2. What type of organizational structure should be set up to effectively manage the business? 3. How many personnel are needed to effectively manage the business? 4. What should be the requirements, qualification standards of the personnel vis-a-vis their duties and responsibilities? 5. What compensation scheme should the business establishment implement? 2. Marketing Aspects a. Is there a substantial demand for the service/product to be offered by the proposed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   business? b. What is the current demand and supply position of Chinese restaurants in that area? c. What is the production and supply (sales) schedule of the proposed project? d. What strategy should be adopted to support marketing operations of the project? 3. Production/Technical Aspects a. Is the proposed location of the restaurant an ideal place? b. What is the capacity of the proposed restaurant? c. What equipments/facilities are required to make the proposed business functional? d. What kind of layout is suitable for this restaurant? 4. Financial Aspects a. What is the capital requirement of the project? b. How will the proposed business be financed? c. What are the financial statements and different ratios of the proposed project? d. What is the payback period, net present value, internal rate of return and break-even? Sales of the proposed project? Chapter X REFERENCES(BIBLIOGRAPHY) Bibliography Freud, John E. Modern Elementary Statistics 7th edition Manila: JMC Press, Inc. Huebener , Paul O. Gourmet Table Service-Rochelle Park, New Jersey: Hayden Book Company, Inc. Angsico, Lina G. â€Å"Comparative Study of Three Medium Sized Cafeteria in Manila† Ateneo de Manila University, 1982. Cena, Milagros. â€Å"A Collegiate Restaurant. Philippine Christian University, 1985. Hussain, Muhammad. â€Å"A feasibility study of establishing a seafood restaurant at Boat Basin, Karachi Pakistan† Philippine Christian University, 1989. Veryano, Oscar Torenzo. â€Å" A Feasibility Study on EstablishingEstablishment of Padaga Food at Kaba yoron Baru,South Jakarta, Indonesia†. Philippine Christian University, 1988. Chapter XI CURICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHER A. PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Kathrina Mae C. Dumaran NATIONALITY: Filipino CIVIL STATUS: Single DATE OF BIRTH: September 11, 1992 PLACE OF BIRTH: Malolos, Bulacan ADDRESS: Blk. 7 Lot 3 Don Carlos Village Pasay City B. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT College: Philippine Christian University High School: Baclaran National High School Elementary: San Roque 1 Elementary School C. WORKING EXPERIENCE Cashier- Daniel and Cynthia’s General Merchandise Camp Grill- All- Around CURICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHER A. PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Del Prado, Jessieca Fria C. NATIONALITY: Filipino CIVIL STATUS: Single DATE OF BIRTH: December 7, 1988 PLACE OF BIRTH: Manila ADDRESS: #3 Saint George St. , Metro Core South Gate Home Almanza 1 LPC B. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT College: Philippine Christian University High School: Mary Immaculate Parish Special School Elementary: Fortraidge Asian School C. WORKING EXPERIENCE Lotus Garden-House Keeper Gumbo- Assistant Chef CURICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHER A. PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Nancy V. Ynalvez NATIONALITY: Filipino CIVIL STATUS: Single DATE OF BIRTH: November 23, 1991 PLACE OF BIRTH: Lying-in Pembo Makati City ADDRESS: Blk 5 Lot 2 Phase 2 Pinagsama Village Taguig City B. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT College: Philippine Christian University High School: Eastern Achiever Academy Inc. Elementary: Saint Andrei Academy C. WORKING EXPERIENCE City Garden- All-around Gumbo- Bartender D. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITY Leadership Camp Discipleship Camp 2008-2010 Kawayan Camp- 2010 CURICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHER A. PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Maria Sybel C. Marfil NATIONALITY: Filipino CIVIL STATUS: Single DATE OF BIRTH: February 10,1988 PLACE OF BIRTH: Manila Hospital ADDRESS: #0393 Salcedo II Noveleta Cavite B. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT College: Philippine Christian University High School: STM Micheal Institue of Cavite Elementary: STM Micheal Institue of Cavite C. WORKING EXPERIENCE 2008-Present Call Center Representative Chapter III PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL ASPECT Kimchi-ai house will provide you good services and affordable price. Our employees are very well trained on how they treat our customers. Our services quality and delicious food, which is nutritious and safe, as well as satisfying to customers. The elements of quality food that applies are flavor, appearance, palatability and storage ability, maintained our product to evaluate to know its escape ingredients when serve food. Purchasing- is important because a correctly designed purchasing system will maintain value and quality, minimize the investment in inventory and strength the operation competitive position. As the price increase are experience in key commodities sound and purchasing technique can profit (or contain cost). A variable purchasing subsystem makes the operation sanitation program easier to manage. The purchasing will be hold by the cook Receiving – a critical control point because ownership of production is transferred from the supplier to the operation. Skilful purchasing, couple by correct receiving practices can minimized the benefits of a carefully planned menu. The result is an accept or reject decision. Once receiving is completed, prompt storage of the food important Storing- is the function of preventing deterioration and theft of valuable food product before they are used by the operation. Food products are asset that must be protected, contamination, spoilage theft and pilferage must be prevented of the cost are to be minimized and profit maximized Ordering – the activities of customer. The customer chooses the food they want to eat. Preparing- the services activities that takes places before the food product is cooked. Vegetable cleaning and peeling, meat trimming and assembly of raw ngredient are example of preparation functions. Some establishment minimize the time spent on preparing by purchasing convenience food products up build in labor. Without an adequate sanitation program, food can be exposed to sanitation hazard during preparations. Cooking- the control point where heat is applied to food product cooking can significantly alter the color, odor, texture, taste, appearance and nutrients of the raw ingredients. Batch cooking in small quantities helps maintain food quality. Food products can be exposed to sanitation hazard during cooking. Implementing a sanitation program can reduce the risk associated with this control point before problem surface. Serving – involves physically transferring finished menu items from the production department to the customer. This control point should be designed to deliver quantity product to the customer with speed and efficiency. A comprehensive sanitary program is necessary to reduce sanitation risk associated with serving and to minimize customer satisfaction. Cleaning- although cleaning is the last control point listed on the flowchart, it is form the least important function. In fact, cleanliness intimately related to any other basic operating act. Focusing on sanitation in every subsystem enhances the operation cost control system, long term survival and success. Today’s customer demand cleanliness, so an effective program sanitation management makes good business sense. The ten control points are the foundation of any food services establishment. Each point must be address in all food services operation and in all segment of industry Sanitary facilities and control Sanitation performance is one of the most important aspects of the food services industry. A potential health hazard is always present when dealing with perishable goods that are to be consumed. Eliminate this hazard by always practicing food sanitation procedures. We sell the ort to the pig feeder by P100 each bucket. Profile of plant location The prob