Euthanasia Is A Form Of Doctor Assisted Suicide - 1379 Words

Euthanasia is a form of doctor assisted suicide. There are many different types of Euthanasia and all are currently illegal in the United States with the exception of the state of Oregon. When a patient is being Euthanized they can be given an injection intravenously which causes their death this is called Euthanasia by action. A person could also be assisted to death through euthanasia by omission; this is when the patient is not provided with the appropriate things such as food or water. Also patients can be given a medication that renders them into a deep sleep in which they are left to die, either through the progression of their illness or through starvation. The most important aspect of doctor assisted suicide is whether it is voluntary, involuntary or non voluntary. The difference between non voluntary and involuntary is that non voluntary is when the patient does not request to be euthanized but they are. Involuntary euthanization is when a person specifically asks that they not be euthanized and they are. Although euthanasia is illegal some forms of it are still regularly practiced in today’s healthcare system. Euthanasia dates back to as early as 1828 when the first law was written to outlaw anyone from providing a person with a dangerous weapon and or a harmful chemical that would knowingly be used in the taking of a person’s own life. This would include taking the life of another person with their permission. In 1920 the book Permitting the Destruction of LifeShow MoreRelatedThe Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Released1181 Words   |  5 PagesDisease Control and Prevention released a suicide report in 2015 stating that in The United States, suicide is the 10th leading cause of deaths. As many as 44,193 individuals have died per year, which means there is about 123 suicide deaths a day happening as of now in The United States (â€Å"Suicide Statistics†). This is only the statistics of deaths that have been successful in The United States, it is not counting all suicide deaths around the world nor suicide attempts. This alone is already a majorRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide During The United States And Other Countries Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2016 Physician Assisted Suicide and Assisted Suicide in the United States and Other Countries Suicide. A term many of us are uncomfortable with, it is a tender subject especially for those who have been affected by it personally. What about the term physician assisted suicide (PAS) or assisted suicide? Around the world and more recently in the United States we have seen these terms in the news more often. Various forms of medically assisted dying and/or assisted suicide for the terminallyRead MorePosition Essay Euthanasia1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe Good Death Euthanasia has been a hotly debated social question for many years. For many reasons people ask for assistance to end their lives. It is legal in most states for a person to end their own life, but if someone helps someone carry out that wish, then that is a crime. It shouldn’t be illegal to help someone end their life if they wish to die to end their pain. The only sensible thing would be to legalize physician assisted suicide so that people can feel comfortable and pass awayRead MoreThe Debate Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is the practice in which a doctor prescribes a terminally ill patient with a lethal medication as a form of active, voluntary euthanasia. These patients, rather than suffer slowly and painfully, often request this procedure as a means of experiencing a more â€Å"dignified† death. The debate surrounding this issue is a heated one, especially among the general public whose att itudes are deeply influenced by the level of patient pain and discomfort (Frileux et al. 334). At theRead More Assisted Suicide Or Euthanasia Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages ASSISTED SUICIDE or euthanasia On July 26, 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that criminalized assisted suicide. As of April 1999, physicians-assisted suicide is illegal in all but a couple of states. Over thirty states have established laws prohibiting assisted suicide, and of those who don’t have statues, a number of them prohibit it through common law. In Michigan, Jack Kevorkian was initially charged with violating the state statue. HeRead MoreEuthanasia And Assisted Suicide : A Patient s Choice1742 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: A patient s choice in their type of death. When a patient is terminally ill or is experiencing extreme pain, often Euthanasia or Assisted Suicide can both be plausible options to end any suffering. Euthanasia is currently legalized in seven countries and parts of the United States (New Health Guide). This number is not likely to increase soon because of the high controversy, which is due to the very serious topic of this matter: a person s life. The generalRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1536 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Murder â€Å"Euthanasia, also [known as] mercy killing, [is the] practice of ending another’s life with the aim of enabling the person to avoid severe suffering, typically from a terminal illness† (â€Å"Euthanasia†). Furthermore, a study conducted in Washington State revealed that most of the participants who requested euthanasia had the diagnosis of cancer, neurological disease, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Back et al. 919). This study also uncovered that â€Å"the patient concerns mostRead MoreEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide1645 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are actions at the core of what it means to be human - the moral and ethical actions that make us who we are, or who we ought to be. Euthanasia, a subject known in the twenty-first century, is subject to many discussions about ethical permissibility, which date back to as far as ancient Greece and Rome. It was not until the Hippocratic School removed the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises manyRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Euthanasia1348 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia is still under scrutiny for a number of reasons. â€Å"In spring, 1996, the Ninth and Second Circuits were the first circuit courts in the country to find a constitutional prohibition against laws which make physician-assisted suicide a crime† (Martyn Bourguignon, 1997). New York was one of the states that followed this prohibition. Eventually, The Ninth and Second Circuit, â€Å"allow physician-assisted suicide while attempting to protect individuals fromRead MoreEuthanasi Should It Be Legalized?927 Words   |  4 Pages2015 Euthanasia, Should it be Legalized? Euthanasia, which is commonly known by many other terms such as assisted suicide or mercy killing, is the act of taking away the life of a human or an animal in order to relieve him/ her/it from severe pain and suffering, or letting him/her/it die without taking any action to prevent the death. The word euthanasia comes from the two Greek words: â€Å"eu† – good and â€Å"Thanatos†- death (Helga Kuhse, 40) which basically mean â€Å"a good death.† Is euthanasia a form of

Essay on Analyzing Chilrdren Child Observation - 761 Words

Children are some of the most interesting creatures on Earth. At any moment they may do something that makes you laugh. The next moment they may do something that makes you want to crawl under your seat in embarrassment. That’s what drew me to them. I’m around adults all day and all night since starting college. I wanted to sit and observe God’s most precious creation in action. My mother-in-law’s home was the most obvious choice for my observation. She keeps several children, including my sixteen month old son, in her home daycare business. All of the children who are kept there are little boys ages three or under. I chose Friday, August 28, 2009 to analyze how the children interact not only with each other, but also with their†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, Austin, Brayden, and Gage all continued to cook. The three year old boy’s attention span appears to be longer than that of the sixteen month old; while they continue to cook , Karson has already gotten into three different situations. Karson is now playing with the potted plant and is headed back toward the gat to undoubtedly get into more mischief. The entire time up until now, Ryan, the only two year old, has been sitting in the swing, now he is on the move. I haven’t yet found where my mother-in-law finds the energy and the patience to handle six boys under the age of four. One of the boys is sent for baby wipes to clean all the dirty faces and to wipe all the dirty hands, for it shall not be long until the parents and some grandparents come to pick up their precious cargo. Just now Karson’s papa drives around the corner of the house on the tractor, pronounced â€Å"crakter.† He is apparently going for a ride as is common when Papa is home. However, this time Karson doesn’t want to go, maybe it is because I am here on the porch today. As the lost of the faces and hands are wiped off, the first of the grandparents ar rives and then another. The children’s bags and shoes are gathered up to be taken with them, only to return again on Monday. With the departure of Gage, Reid, Austin, and Brayden, we are only left with Karson and Ryan, who is enjoying a sippy cup of lemonade. The two boys are downing those delicious drops of lemonade as

A Psychological Point Of View The Appearance Of The...

From a psychological point of view the appearance of the apparitions to the governess would be a culmination of two theories. The first being her initial meeting with the Master of Blye causing repressed feelings to dictate her actions, and secondly her desire to feel needed by the children causing her to create situations where the children had no choice but to depend on her. When the governess first met the Master, she was immediately taken by his appearance and demeanor, so much so that she promised to take over the care of two young children all by herself. She agreed to never contact the Master about anything, including the well-being of the children. He was hoping that he would never have to deal with any part of this situation, however the â€Å"seduction† (James 6), he used to get the governess to take the job, worked too well. Throughout the story we see instances where the governess debates sending a message to the Master about events that occur at the estate. Freud would say that the unconscious was seeking out opportunities to interact with the Master again, â€Å"conception is one of which we are not aware, but the existance of which we are nevertheless ready to admit on account of other proofs or signs† (A Note on the Unconscious in Psycho-analysis 1). This unconscious desire driven by her Id’s primary function of desire, in her case desire for the master, caused her to see apparitions that would cause the Master to notice her and come back. Being that the governess isShow MoreRelatedThe Governess in The Turn of the Screw Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature, The Turn of the Screw has inspired a variety of critical interpretations since its publication in 1898. Until 1934, the book was considered a traditional ghost story. Edmund Wilson, however, soon challenged that view with his assertions that The Turn of the Screw is a psychological study of the unstable governess whose visions of ghosts are merely delusions. Wilson’s essay initiated a critical debate concerning the interpretation of the novel, which continues even today (Poupard 313). SpeculationRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Ghosts 1116 Words   |  5 Pagesplays. The inquiries the figure raises, without a moment’s delay philosophical, mental, and showy, are ones to which Shakespeare never gives conclusive answers; rather, he likes to keep the issues alive by organizing apparitions in an assortment of appearance and from moving points of view. Each of these stages has its own distinct and subtle meanings, but there are three fundamental perspectives to which Shakespeare repeatedly returns: the ghost as a figure of false surmise, the ghost as a figure ofRead More journeyhod Journey into Hell in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness953 Words   |  4 Pagescity.    The novel begins with the narrator, Marlow, and some of the ships crew waiting at dusk for the tide to change so that their cruising yawl the Nellie may enter the London harbour. The frame narrator expresses quite optimistic views on colonialism especially pertaining to London, which is described as the greatest city on earth, yet these opinions are then challenged by both marlow and the use of imagery. The coastline is described as being shrouded in diaphanous folds of fogRead More The Jealous Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pageschapter, young Cathy, upon seeing Heathcliff, reports that he looks, almost bright and cheerful -- No, almost nothing -- very much excited, and wild and glad (276)! This is entirely unlike the Heathcliff that has been established up until this point. Even Nelly, who is well-accustomed to Heathcliffs personality and dark moods is taken aback by the sudden change, so uncharacteristic of his usual temper --...anxious to ascertai n the truth of her statement, for to see the master looking gladRead MoreAnalysis Of The Narrator Of The Same Name By Edgar Allen Poe Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pageswith its sheer power; however, the narrator, throughout the story, demonstrates that he is almost entirely unable to tell reality from fantasy, and functions primarily in the â€Å"schizoid-position† (Schueller 601)—as evidenced by his use of many a psychological defense mechanism—hallucinates that Ligeia kills Rowena then returns from the dead. In this interpretation, the narrator’s own will for Ligeia’s life is expressed through his fantasy, which is enhanced by his heavy use of opium. Using this interpretationRead MoreHamlet And The Ghost By William Shakespeare1671 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet and The Ghost A ghost is a spiritual being that is said to be a spirit of a deceased person. They are something that most people fear, don’t believe in, or think they are an evil being. Different religions have different views on ghosts and along with those views come different stories. One story that involves a ghost is Hamlet. Hamlet has recently lost his father and thinks he is being surrounded by his father’s ghost. However, Hamlet is at first unsure about the ghost’s state. He does notRead MoreHenry James, the Art of Fiction and the Turn on the Screw3624 Words   |  15 Pages1. Henry James’s theory of the novel, introduced in his critical essay The Art of Fiction, has been considered as â€Å"playing an important part in the definition of the new conventions of the modernist novel† (Dobrinescu, 203). The theory’s central point or main concern has to do with, as Hopkins considers, â€Å"taking the novel (and, consequently, theoretical discussion of the novel) seriously†. For James, the novel corresponds to the ultimate art form and it should have a position the community as suchRead More The Supernatural in Macbeth Essay3374 Words   |  14 Pagesobject (Lucy   1).  Ã‚   There are also elements of it apparent in Winters Tale, What I did not well I meant well (Lucy   1).   The supernatural is used most fearsomely in Hamlet, with the ghost of Hamlets father representing the most frightening apparition in all of the Bards plays.   However, the supernatural is used to an almost whimsical degree in   A Midsummers Night Dream and The Tempest.   In both of these plays the supernatural does not assume an evil demeanor, though it does wreak havocRead More Blackness in Macbeth Essay example2735 Words   |  11 Pageshis book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson identifies the darkness in the play with evil, hell, devils:    Mr. Kenneth Muir, in his introduction to the play - which does not, by the way, interpret it simply from this point of view - aptly describes the cumulative effect of the imagery: The contrast between light and darkness [suggested by the imagery] is part of a general antithesis between good and evil, devils and angels, evil and grace, hell and heaven . . . (67-68)Read More Shakespeares Macbeth - Deep Darkness Essay example2747 Words   |  11 Pagesthe black magic of the witches, who even chanted Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283)    The Tragedy of Macbeth opens in a desert place with thunder and lightning (typical accompaniment to darkness) and three witches, somber and dark in appearance, who are anticipating their meeting with Macbeth, There to meet with Macbeth. They all say together the mysterious and contradictory Fair is foul, and foul is fair. When the Norweyan forces are vanquished, Duncan bids Ross to greet Macbeth

American Upper Class Vs. American Lower Class - 1743 Words

American upper class vs. American lower class Income inequality has been seen throughout different societies. It has always been separated with the poor on bottom and the rich on top. Most societies in past and present have had little to no movement between the separations of classes. The reality for the poor in most of those societies is that they can almost never get to the level and quality of life of the rich. America compared to other societies in our past and present is a society that strongly believes in the idea of â€Å"The American Dream†. The American Dream gives hope to some people below the rich that they can someday be as prosperous as the rich if they work hard enough for it and show that they are capable. This idea implies that it is possible for anyone whether the person is middle or low class. It is not possible for low-income workers in America to move to the upper class because they lack the resources for better jobs, they are racially or ethnically discrim inated in the workforce and the upper class takes most of the income in the US. It is good jobs that lead people to become prosperous in America and closer to the upper class. A good job can lead to higher position jobs or it can provide someone with skills to start their own business and there are many other ways good jobs can lead to more prosperity. A good job can be anywhere from a skilled trade or technician to a professional. These are jobs with valuable skills that can lead to better opportunities.Show MoreRelated Race vs. Social Class Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesRace vs. Social Class THESIS: Race differences in identity and social position were, and are, more important than class differences in American society. Events in the nineteenth century made it abundantly and irrefutably clear that race as a concept sui generis superseded social class as the dominant mechanism of social division and stratification in North America. (Smedley 219) For many decades people have been using race as a way to classify humans into different social categories. LowerRead MoreAmerica Seems to Be Moving towards a Two Class System Instead of the Traditional Three Class System1059 Words   |  5 Pagesbyproduct of the lower and upper classes taking over our economy, as the middle class slowly diminishes right before our eyes. John G. Maxwell, head of the global retail and consumer practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers stated this, â€Å"As a retailer or restaurant chain, if you’re not at the really high level or the low level, that’s a tough place to be. You don’t want to be stuck in the middle.† Middle class jobs are continuing to decline and before we know it America could be looking at a two class system ratherRead MoreHoward Zinn s Views On American Revolution950 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity. These two historians viewed the nature of American Revolution from two opposite different perspectives. Zinn viewed the American Revolution as an effort to preserve America’s status; while Wood looked at Revolution as an event that incorporated sense of equality among all Americans. Zinn was able to present the argument better as evidences he provided to support his argument seemed to make more sense and were closer to reality. Howard argued American Revolution as an effort of members of colonialRead MoreThe Divide : American Injustice1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe American justice system is divided between the wealthy and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. A system that has been systematically built to favor wealthy Americans and punish poor Americans, as suggested in Matt Taibbi’s book â€Å"The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealthy Gap†. Meanwhile, poor Americans, specifically people of color, face punishment far beyond crime allegedly committed. In the following paragraphs, we will explore the root causes behind systematic forces thatRead MoreAmeric Pain Vs Gain881 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica: Pain vs Gain The late 19th century of America is best known for the increase of goods made by machine. Prior to this movement, industries were run primarily by highly skilled craftspeople. As 19th century America progressed, it became increasingly difficult to make a living as a craftsperson; it became easier to work in a factory under wage labor. This movement was viewed quite differently from many different people. There were a great deal of positive aspects, but a great deal of negativeRead MorePublic School Vs. Public Schools1087 Words   |  5 Pageseducational system. We need to help improve our school board with better textbooks, classes, and equipment. How well educated is our students who went to American public schools? How much diversity is in American public schooling? Does the middle to upper class students have an advantage for getting a better education than low income students? The American Dream and public school; statistic say that kids in private schools are much more educat ed than public school students because they have more academicRead MoreEssay On Taxes1345 Words   |  6 Pagestax revenue, the government is going to be forced to completely restructure their current budget protocol. With the mass amounts of tax breaks given across the wealthy, there is going to be lower taxes available to use for government ran programs. These programs are extremely important the success of many Americans across the nation. Without a lot of these programs such as; SNAP, Welfare, Social Security, Unemployment, millions of citizens wouldn’t be able to live. These programs provide day to dayRead MoreJohn Rawls And Karl Marx984 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Rawls and Karl Marx were American Philosophers that had concerns for societies well being. Rawls idolized a more just society, where Marx wanted to eliminate social classes all together. Although they had slight differences, the core foundation of their theories is supposed to eliminate inequalities. Capitali sm helped form the foundation in which Marx and Rawls theories were formed. Although, people follow Marx theory of socialism, Rawls theory was designed to be a fair and it adopts the fundamentalRead MoreMarket Segmentation Targeting and Positioning1165 Words   |  5 Pages †¢ Can better help sellers find their marketing opportunities †¢ Sellers can develop the right product for each target market and adjust their prices, distribution channels, and advertising to reach the target market efficiently. (shotgun vs rifle approach)† 3 Major Steps 1. Market Segmentation - dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who might call for separate products or marketing mixes. 2. Market Targeting - evaluating each segments attractiveness, and Read MoreOriginal Writing : Original Position And Natural State902 Words   |  4 Pageslook at society and fairness from another perceptive. Individuals were to use their imagination and pretend that they were born into different lives, for example, if their mother was a single parent that worked two jobs just to put food on the table vs. the lavish life style one lives today. Society isn’t just, but if the individuals didn’t know their position or their background it could eliminate discrimination and give rise for equal opportunity for all. Rawls believed in the notion of the social

Audit Assurance and Compliance Impulse Pyt Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Audit Assurance and Compliance for Impulse Pyt Ltd. Answer: Introduction: King Queen being the auditor of Impulse Pyt Ltd is only liable for comment provided on the audit report. In addition, the auditor mainly provided unqualified comment on the audit report prepared by the company. The auditors are mainly responsible for checking the overall liability and assets valuation conducted by the company in their financial report. Christensen, Glover and Wood (2012) argued that after the 2008 auditor were presented with liability limitation agreements (LLAs), which helped in reducing the overall threat of litigation from clients. In addition, the LLAs mighty help in protecting the King Queen from the legal suit charged by EFL. Sandberg et al. (2016) stated that relative liability disclosure mainly saves auditors from claims and increases the probability of manipulation, which might be present in companies financial report. Relative case like Enron, Lehman, WorldCom, and Dick Smith has not attracted any kind of legal suit against the auditing companies. The auditors are mainly fined significant amount, which are received by appropriate regulatory and wounded investors. Anderson et al. (2012) argued that loopholes provided to the auditors mainly increase the chance of unethical measures, which might be conducted by the company to inflate their financial condition. The current scandal that was conducted by Dick Smith was portraying wrong valuation of their inventory, which was authorised by the auditors (NewsComAu 2016). However, the auditors are not liable and the third party nerds to confirm the financial position of the company. Determining if EFL is relying on the 2012-audited financial report to assist them in making their decision: The whole scenario will be changed if EFL contacted King Queen before, relying on the overall 2012 audited report. The auditing company in that scenario will be liable for the suit, which might be presented to them, as EFL needed advice and wrong advice was provided. This might attract high-end lawsuit and the auditing company has to pay the damages, which are incurred by the company. Lad and Dahl (2014) mentioned that Goldman sacks were liable to pay back the money lost by their investors based on wrong advice. On the other hand, Brawley et al. (2015) criticises that due to increasing regulation in favour of auditors reliability of the auditor financial report loses its overall friction. Moreover, if EFL have consulted with King Queen before providing Impulse with relative loan might help the company in strengthen its law suit. Furthermore, the manipulations, which were conducted by Impulse Company, might be identified by King Queen as EFL was seeking consultation advice. In addition, this might also had helped the EFL in identifying the accurate value of inventories and ability of the company to pay its obligations. Melidis et al. (2014) argued that with the help of identified loopholes in the accounting system like prudence are mainly used by company for valuing the companies inventories based on market price. Thus, the whole scenario would be changed if the company had conducted the auditors or used any third party valuation company to detect the accurate financial condition of Impulse Company. Defining and explaining importance of each, actual and perceived independence: Actual and perceived independence is mainly a nature of behaviour, which is used by the auditors in conducting the auditing report. Shah and Nair (2013) argued that companies with the help of lucrative offers are able to change the perspective of auditors in conducting the auditing report. Moreover, relative definition and significance of independence are depicted as follows. Actual independence: Actual independence is mainly depicted as the full control and access is provided to the auditors in detecting the financial position of the company. The main significance of the actual independence is to increase trust of the company with its shareholders. In addition, auditors with actual independence is able to take viable decisions regarding audit procedure and report, which help in improving authenticity of the auditors report. Knechel (2016) mentioned that full access of auditors to the overall financial records mainly help investors to make adequate investment decisions. Perceived independence: Perceived independence is mainly viewed as the behaviour of external auditors, who evaluate the financial position of the company. In addition, the perceived independence is mainly helpful for the auditors to detect the overall financial condition of the company. Graham (2015) stated that perceived independence of auditors mainly help in detecting the unethical measure taken by the company. On the other hand, Melidis et al. (2014) criticises that perceived independence sometimes hamper the overall auditing procedure and misdirects the auditors. Listing professional standards and regulatory requirements breached for each independent situations: Auditing regulation have different requirement for certain scenarios, which might help in depicting the relative breach. In addition, these guidelines mainly help in authenticating the audit procedures, which is been used by the auditors and individuals. The first situation mainly states the overall disclosure conducted by Bob on the financial condition of Club Casino. This situation mainly states the auditing breach, which has been conducted by Bob in publish the financial potion of the company, without its prior consent. Shah and Jarzabkowski (2013) cited that disclosure rule of auditing mainly prevents the auditors from cooking or analysing the books of companies without the approval. The second situation mainly provides the companys involvement of rotational auditor, which is mainly allowed by Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). Thus, the guidelines provided by ASIC mainly states that auditors rotation is allowed, which is mainly used in the auditing report. Knechel (2016) stated that rotational auditing system mainly help in reducing the unethical measures, which might be conducted by the company. The third situation mainly depicts the involvement of Leo in the auditing procedure conducted by the company. In addition, the nature of the appointment is mainly conducted to increase the overall efficiency, quality and disciplinary of the auditing body. The fourth situation mainly depicts the non-payment of auditing fees by Classic reproduction pty to Chan Associates. In addition, Chan Associates could withdraw their consent regarding financial position of the company. Reference: Anderson, U.L., Christ, M.H., Johnstone, K.M. and Rittenberg, L.E., 2012. A post-SOX examination of factors associated with the size of internal audit functions.Accounting Horizons,26(2), pp.167-191. Brawley, S., Clark, J., Dixon, C., Ford, L., Nielsen, E., Ross, S. and Upton, S., 2015. History on trial: Evaluating learning outcomes through audit and accreditation in a national standards environment.Teaching and Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal,3(2), pp.89-105. Christensen, B.E., Glover, S.M. and Wood, D.A., 2012. Extreme estimation uncertainty in fair value estimates: Implications for audit assurance.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(1), pp.127-146. Graham, L., 2015.Internal Control Audit and Compliance: Documentation and Testing Under the New COSO Framework. John Wiley Sons. Knechel, W.R., 2016. Audit quality and regulation.International Journal of Auditing,20(3), pp.215-223. Lad, P.M. and Dahl, R., 2014. Audit of the informed consent process as a part of a clinical research quality assurance program.Science and engineering ethics,20(2), pp.469-479. Melidis, C., Bosch, W.R., Izewska, J., Fidarova, E., Zubizarreta, E., Ishikura, S., Followill, D., Galvin, J., Xiao, Y., Ebert, M.A. and Kron, T., 2014. Radiation therapy quality assurance in clinical trialsGlobal Harmonisation Group.Radiotherapy and oncology: journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology,111(3), p.327. Melidis, C., Bosch, W.R., Izewska, J., Fidarova, E., Zubizarreta, E., Ulin, K., Ishikura, S., Followill, D., Galvin, J., Haworth, A. and Besuijen, D., 2014. Global harmonization of quality assurance naming conventions in radiation therapy clinical trials.International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics,90(5), pp.1242-1249. NewsComAu. (2016).Dick Smith disaster in five steps. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/the-dick-smith-disaster-explained-in-five-easy-steps/news-story/b95f243d54f423ced869b8ec77838046 [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Sandberg, M., Dahl, J., Lindegaard, L.L. and Pedersen, J.R., 2016. Compliance/non-compliance with biosecurity rules specified in the Danish Quality Assurance system (KIK) and Campylobacter-positive broiler flocks 2012 and 2013.Poultry Science, p.pew277. Shah, M. and Jarzabkowski, L., 2013. The Australian higher education quality assurance framework: From improvement-led to compliance-driven.Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education,17(3), pp.96-106. Shah, M. and Nair, C.S. eds., 2013.External Quality Audit: Has it Improved Quality Assurance in Universities?. Elsevier.

Importance Of Critical Thinking In Higher Education

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Critical Thinking In Higher Education. Answer: Introduction (Liu et al., 2014) describes Critical thinking is the intellectual disciplines process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing or evaluating information gathered from or generated by observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action This essay shows one of the most important skills considered to be an essential for higher education. () The article Assessing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Current state and Direction For Next Generation gives an insight of a qualitative analysis which talks about how critical thinking plays an important role in higher education. The present study aims at assessing whether the interactive educational models are effective or not. This essay gives an outline about how critical thinking is required in order to enlarge and widen the horizon of a student. It will arguable describe the main requirements of the desired outcomes. This essay will also analyze about the concept critical thinking and will evaluate and analyze that how lack of understanding makes them suffer in the future. This essay will also give a framework of how critical thinking can be categorized into skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and ethics. However in order to understand in a more elaborated of issue, there is a need of obtaining from an insiders view point, therefore it will discuss about the positive points of critical thinking. The Nature of Critical Thinking Critical thinking denotes a general idea of what it demands, but it stays as a concept over which there a lot of arguments and uncertainties about what it include and how will it manifest further. However in a wider term critical thinking is knows as a cognitive skill that is related to rational judgment for an individual. Critical thinking brings the frameworks reviewed in the Markle et al., (2013). The engagement of the student is broadly recognized as an important influence on learning and achievement in higher education and is being widely researched and theorized. (Kahu, 2013) recently suggests that the hope to review existing assessment in light of the construct representation, item format and validity evidence will benefit higher education institution as they choose among available assessments. This method of critical thinking has gained widespread attention as recognition of the of higher education outcomes assessment has increased. (Fayolle, 2013) the percentage of higher ed ucation institution using an external measure of the outcomes of student learning has increased. There is several other research framework of critical thinking as discussed by (Moore, 2013). These kinds of depositions, which is either seen as habits or attitudes, involves inquisitiveness, fair mindedness, a desire to be well informed, flexibility and a respect towards different point of views. Behavioral Perspective Teaching practice and student behavior is given the most emphasis in the higher education the lack of critical thinking causes great loss in colleges and further studies. Critical thinking, which is also known logical thinking, should be ingrained in a person from their childhood (McPeck, 2016). The value of reasoning and logic in any form of study or general behavior should be present in each and every human being. Otherwise they will learn to follow things blindly which will end them nowhere. The engagement of the student is seen as an evolving construct from an early age, it captures a range of institutional practice and the behavior of student with respect to the to the students achievement and satisfaction, including social teaching practice social and academic integration and to work on time (Goetsch, Davis, 2014). Critical thinking helps a person to learn actively, helps them to compete with the academic challenge, more importantly it helps them to think more profusely which helps them to produce better results in exam. Pragmatic research suggests that people who develops critical thinking competency at a very young age. All people can taught to think critically, however especially in higher education it is even more important. At time there are students who do not develop critical thinking which creates a problem for them in future. Multiple theme of Assessments Interest in seeking the perception from both students and academics was highlighted by the disparity on measures of active learning, work related learning and interaction between these associates in a large scale. There are two aspect of critical thinking, general and domain. There is an importance of giving an argument in the academic writing; there is still a lack of understanding in students of the implementation or misconception. () States that in a prior study the majority of the students felt that argumentation means presenting their original opinions and views. There is a severe need of originality, each individual is unique and they have their own thoughts which has to be enhanced and therefore it is important think critically and not what the tutors spoon feed the, there is another famous misconception is that the argument is manifested only through an adversarial stance in writing. However (Fairclough, 2014) explains that every argument should be sensitive and connect with different point of views, where he evaluates the thought rather than criticizing the cause and therefore incorporating those claims which are closest to their own position (Evans, 2013). There are many reasons why critical thinking is important. In todays technological world, most of the learnings and information is taken from the computer and mobile. It has become a computer- mediate world, where people blindly believe sources like Google and all the various other information given there. ICT is introduced in most of the schools these days and therefore from a very young age students blindly follows it. This also hampers there critical thinking as this block their thought process and makes them completely dependent on the technology. Conceptual Framework Critical thinking is normally generalized and it makes the students as stereotypical members of the society as stated by (Chan, 2013). However By understanding the difficult array of factors influencing a students engagement and by embedding these phenomena and process within the wider socio-culture context, and the uniqueness of an individuals experience becomes more clearly and therefore then the need of in depth knowledge or study of an individual student arises. Even though this essay talks about the importance of critical thinking in higher education, however this wideness or in depth thinking arises because of few factors i.e. the structural factor, psycho-socio influences, socio cultural context and the distal and proximal consequences. Conclusion The aim of this essay was to show the importance of critical thinking in higher education from different point of view and to provide with ideas from authors and from the articles to understand the importance of it. The evaluation of this essay has been done secondarily mostly. The essay talks about various numbers of factors such as analysis, reasoning, evaluation and argumentation. These factors differs along with their individual dimension, however with this essay the seriousness of critical thinking has been understood. The depth of the cause has been perfectly evaluated in this essay. This essay found that irrespective of levels, every individual has the power and ability to think critically however this power should be sharpened and enhanced with activities. References: Chan, Z. C. (2013). A systematic review of critical thinking in nursing education.Nurse Education Today,33(3), 236-240. Evans, C. (2013). Making sense of assessment feedback in higher education.Review of educational research,83(1), 70-120. Fairclough, N. (2014).Critical language awareness. Routledge. Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education.EntrepreneurshipManagement Regional Development,25(7-8), 692-701. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education.Studies in higher education,38(5), 758-773. Lea, M. R., Street, B. (2014). understanding textual practices in higher education.Writing: Texts, processes and practices, 62. Liu, O. L., Frankel, L., Roohr, K. C. (2014). Assessing Critical Thinking in Higher Education: Current State and Directions for Next?Generation Assessment.ETS Research Report Series,2014(1), 1-23. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Moore, T. (2013). Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept.Studies in Higher Education,38(4), 506-522.

Loyalty Card Proposal free essay sample

Due to the increase in competition in the Retail Industry, we must impose a new marketing strategy to retain our current customers. Our main strategy is to create a reward program for customers through XM Plus Card Rewards Program. Achieving the above will allow us to retain our current customers by motivating them to frequently buy from Xpress Mart. I. Introduction Modern marketing revolves around the Customer. It is an old and by-now universally accepted concept that the Customer is the King. In recent years, the competition for customers has led many companies in the retail industry to implement a customer rewards program and provide significant incentives that deliver value well beyond reward points. Xpress Mart can continue moving towards its vision to become the most dominant player in the retail industry by implementing a customer rewards program through offering loyalty cards to customers of Xpress Mart. Therefore the traditional approach of making one-time sales is being replaced with making long term commitment to the customer and it can be possible through the XM Plus Card. We will write a custom essay sample on Loyalty Card Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . 1 Purpose The purpose of this proposal is to capture an increasing share of new customers while retaining current customers through the customer reward program, the XM Plus Card. 1. 2 Benefits Increasing sales by motivating customers to frequently purchase from Xpress Mart and lowering advertising costs since the XM Plus Card will also be used as the company’s advertising material to attract new customers. 2. 0 Proposal Loyal customers not only provide a solid base for the company; they represent growth potential too. Implementing a rewards program through XM Plus Card is an effective way to attract new customers and to retain current customers to repeat purchases in all Xpress Mart branches. The company will give the loyal customers a degree of importance by providing incentives for their continuous support through the rewards program. 2. 1 Overview of XM Plus Card XM Plus Card resembles a credit card with the name of the customer in front and a black stripe at the back, it will make the customer feel special. It is equipped with an electronic chip that stores membership information and incentive points earned through shopping in all Xpress Mart branches.

Management in Agency Volunteer Services

Analysis of AVS shift from providing social service to fostering civil society development and factors that contributed to the shift Change of Leadership Styles Agency for Volunteer Service (AVS) experienced a temporary management catastrophe in 1997, when the executive director passed on. It was not clear who would be the immediate successor. Managerial styles were a major blow to AVS. A good example was the tenure of office by Mr Frederick Lee Jr. His style of leadership was centralized and remained unchanged throughout the seven years he was in office (Wong and Chan, 2007, p.2).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Management in Agency Volunteer Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A panel of management committee members was required to make most of the major decisions, but the CEO made all resolutions independently. The committee was thus just a formal body, whose roles were honorary as opposed to admini strative. The executive director was thus the epicentre for the years he was in office. His demise was a sudden call for change on the management’s structure as well as managerial style at AVS. Nobody was ready to take over because the previous regime had no procedures of delegating duties. The board of directors had to take over management, assign directorship and find ways of organizing administration. Change of Donors’ Support As a non-governmental organization, AVS was dependent on the government’s social welfare department as their main sponsor. The department was a major benefactor with over 80% of AVS funds. The department however shifted goals in year 2000 to become a home affairs bureau. Considering that, the department was the main donor, AVS’s Commitment thus changed from social services to align with the bureau’s role of nurturing development of the civil society. This translated to change of management strategies to cater for bureau re sponsibilities. According to Wong and Chan (2007, p.9), the organization had to change its operation strategies. The government was considering community development, achieved through empowering the society as opposed to the reactive model of delivering social services to the needy. The government was ready to work side-by-side with the organization; therefore, AVS had to change its operation strategies to fit the new needs of the bureau. â€Å"International Year of Volunteers† The NGO also faced new challenges due the strategic review of 2001, which saw the organization engage new vision of establishing competence and partnership to promote sustainable development through volunteerism campaigns (Wong and Chan, 2007, p.9). Change of organization strategies was eminent during the campaigns in order to improve service quality for volunteers internationally.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization required a plan to come up with a public study over perception and reception of the volunteering services. The organization also needed to ensure that new services were in line with the overall objectives, mission and vision of the government (sponsors). This meant that AVS had to change the overall values at the managerial level to measure up with the new requirements and objectives of the government bureau. Although the operational level would remain practically the same, the management would need clear directives for long-term survival in the civil society. Role of Management There was also need to have a clear difference and categorization between role of the management and board of directors. This would assist the organization avoid a situation like what had happened earlier, when the CEO passed on. The two units were the core service bodies of the organization and a clear administrative procedure would translate to improved efficiency and effectiveness. Financial resources were becoming more limited therefore the organization needed officials who were competent enough to manage through implementation of cost-effective measures. They would also keenly work in line with government policies to avoid uncertainties that would negatively affect funding. The staffs were concern over job insecurity and this meant the management had to strategically redefine and address all apprehensions afresh. Reasons Why AVS engaged transformation in the aim of implementing a Strategic Vision There were needs for the management to review its work strategies and plan by implementing a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis (Wong and Chan, 2007, p.8). In line with Wong and Chan (2007, p.8), a three-year strategic plan, vision and mission of the organization were re-established. Some of the highlighted aspects included procedures of enforcing a people-oriented volunteering initiative by proactively encouraging pot ential volunteers. Secondly, the managerial paradigm shift would address citizen’s involvement in volunteering as a key future strategy of empowering the society. Thirdly, the organization would need to enforce a global participation initiative to facilitate transfer of skills, technology and mutual coordination among potential volunteers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Management in Agency Volunteer Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More AVS had to strategize on ways of fighting individualism by enriching volunteering through participation in practical activities such as culture, health and environment. Lastly, the organization had to enforce productivity through implementation of new information technology for instance the web-based volunteering initiative. AVS needed to focus mostly on the importance of collaborating with diverse sectors, mobilize and facilitate superiority services. There was also need to proactively educate the society and encourage participation in promotion of sustainable development. Secondly, the limited budget of AVS meant that the organization had to scale down and focus on ensuring perfection, to promote quality-volunteering services. The organization also focused on fulfilment of its mission and through the 30-years’ experience, decided to pursue the vision of finding more global strategic partners. In line with Wong and Chan, the internationally designated year of volunteers (2001) instigated networking, promotion, facilitation and recognition as the key elements for better service delivery (Spector, p.68). Notably, AVS needed to recruit qualified professionals for international assignments especially at transnational levels, especially in developing countries. Competencies Demonstrated by AVS Management in Facilitation of Organization Transformation AVS engaged partnership with various agencies including the private sectors for instanc e the Crystal Group, which funded the volunteering program in China (Wong and Chan, p.10). The new management comprising of Board of managers provided a recruitment procedure for the managerial level employees. Competent managers were required to cater for international duties especially in developing countries. It was professional for them to search beyond the traditional societies, and develop contacts in cultural, health and educational sector. Beside the environmental and initial managerial challenges, the ability to budget for limited resources and effectively deliver services demonstrated the organization’s competence. The self-sufficiency of the organization particularly after the government funds decreased from 80% in 1970s-1980s to 30% in 2000 indicated improved managerial competence especially on financial management (Wong and Chan p.8). Analysis of government budgetary allocations between 1999 and 2004 indicated that the organization was departing from being full d ependent on government provisions (Wong and Chan p.8).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More AVS management decided executive committee members could not play an honorary role like the previous board, but be more active, visible in performance and accountable. The board would thus oversee the managerial duties. The competence of the management was visible when they were keen on acquisition of resources through lobbying for funds to establish potential partnerships. arious special initiatives were also eminent, for instance the â€Å"study on volunteering service in 2001† (Wong and Chan, p.9). The management had established a volunteering service plan, which was a 3-year strategic review plan among other future development plans. The program was in place by 2001(Wong and Chan, p.17). Influences of the NGO Environment on Managerial Procedures of Handling Change The environmental or structural setup of non-governmental organizations varies considerably. The current advancement of information and communication technology influences formation of community/locally-based NG Os that are active at national and international levels. The organizations are social forums formed within a civil society. The society on the other hand works in partnership with the government and private sectors. The government therefore has influence over organizations through civil societies. Organizations play an amicable role of strengthening and establishing civil societies especially in remote areas. Although formed as collaborating entities, the credibility of NGOs depends on independence. There is great influence on NGOs by the government due to funding, especially when the organization is highly dependent on such funds for instance the AVS case analysis in the 1980s and 1990s (Wong and Chan, p.11). The governments tend to influence organisations towards their political favours such as promoting regime policies. The emergence of ‘government owned NGOs’ abbreviated ‘GONGO’ thus emanates from such environments, where there are high government influ ences. An authoritarian social environment also has great influence over the way the organization handles changes. The organizations have financial difficulties when they act independently and the society may fails to recognize or acknowledge such an NGO, unless when based on a very strong social environment. NGOs dealing with humanitarian and development relief also face the challenge of establishing and sourcing more resources to run their operations. Considering the challenges, most of such organizations readily accept official government funding and weaken their influential powers, due to the controls established by the governments through the funds. The case study of AVS is a clear indication of how the government was influential at the initial stages. During the shift of focus from social service to civil society bureau, AVS had to transform and be in line with the funders. However, the organization improved and becomes more independent over the years of experience. Managerial competence and actions are the main influences of transformation in an NGO. There is great and constant transformation of organization environments especially the role and activities undertaken to lobby for funds. The role of the management is ever changing and thus technical expertise is increasingly becoming vital. The change of the work environment thus increases workloads and responsibilities. Change requires managers, board of directors or supervisors to understand the complexity of a workforce. The working environment directly determines the area of coverage, particularly the attitude and behaviour of volunteers and performance of the management. Conclusion The working environment also assists in defining human behaviour in relation to volunteering. Transparency of operations and managerial commitment to work in accordance with the set rules, vision, mission and goals helps to establish the work environment. Stakeholders especially the benefactors therefore cannot easily infl uence a work environment that is free from chances of venality. References Spector, B 2009, Implementing Organizational Change: Theory into Practice, 2nd ed,   Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Wong, G., and Chan, J 2007, Organizational Transformation: Agency for Volunteer  Service, Asia Case Research Centre. Hong Kong, China. This case study on Management in Agency Volunteer Services was written and submitted by user Mario Cox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.